Investigation on the cooperative grasping capabilities of human thumb and index finger

The maximum cooperative grasping mass and diameter of the human thumb and index finger were investigated by 7560 grasp-release trials on various masses of solid cylinders and various sizes of rings. The maximum grasping mass of the participants’ thumbindex finger depended on gender, age and the sum of thumb-index finger lengths (P 0.05). The maximum grasping diameter of the participants’ thumb-index finger depended on the age, sum of thumb-index finger lengths and ratio of index finger to thumb length (P 0.05). There was a non-linear regression model for the dependence of the maximum grasping mass on gender, age and the sum of thumb-index finger lengths and another non-linear regression model for the dependence of the maximum grasping diameter on the age, sum of thumb-index finger lengths and ratio of index finger to thumb length. Two regression models were useful in the optimal size design of robotic hands intending to replicate thumb-index finger grasping ability. This research can help to define not only a reasonable grasp mass and size for a bionic robotic hand, but also the requirements for hand rehabilitation

The EU and the Catalan Crisis

List of all differentially expressed proteins (n = 45) identified in the study. (XLSX 11 kb

Gene classification based on Gene ontology (GO) enrichment for differentially expressed genes.

<p>Gene classification based on Gene ontology (GO) enrichment for differentially expressed genes.</p

Sequences of specific primer pairs used for RT- and qRT-PCR amplification.

<p>Sequences of specific primer pairs used for RT- and qRT-PCR amplification.</p

Foliar lesions on tomato plants after spray-inoculation with bacterial spot race T3 (<i>Xanthomonas perforans</i>) strain <i>Xv829</i>.

<p>A: Lesions on a leaf of the susceptible line OH88119. B: Lesion on a leaf of the resistant line PI 114490.</p

qRT-PCR analysis of 10 differentially expressed TDFs in tomato.

<p>PT: PI 114490 inoculated with T3. PM: PI 114490 mock-inoculated with the sterile solution containing 10 mM MgSO₄·7H₂O and 0.025% (v/v) Silwet L77. OT: OH 88119 inoculated with T3. OM: OH 88119 mock-inoculated with the sterile solution containing 10 mM MgSO₄·7H₂O and 0.025% (v/v) Silwet L77. Gene expression was determined relative to <i>EF1-α</i> transcript levels in the same samples. The data are means SD of three experimental replicates. The asterisk above the bars indicates statistically significant differences between the infected samples and corresponding mock treatment.</p

Images of cDNA-AFLP and Semi-quantitative RT-PCR analysis of 19 representative TDFs in leaves of tomato lines PI 114490 and OH 88119 at various time-points after inoculation of bacterial spot race T3 strain <i>Xv829</i>.

<p>PT: PI 114490 inoculated with T3. PM: PI 114490 mock-inoculated with the sterile solution containing 10 mM MgSO₄·7H₂O and 0.025% (v/v) Silwet L77. OT: OH 88119 inoculated with T3. OM: OH 88119 mock-inoculated with the sterile solution containing 10 mM MgSO₄·7H₂O and 0.025% (v/v) Silwet L77. The EF1-α was used as a constitutive control for the RT-PCR.</p

Enumerating main types of differentially expressed fragment during cDNA-AFLP analysis.

<p>PT: PI 114490 inoculated with T3. PM: PI 114490 mock-inoculated with the sterile solution containing 10 mM MgSO₄·7H₂O and 0.025% (v/v) Silwet L77. OT: OH 88119 inoculated with T3. OM: OH 88119 mock-inoculated with the sterile solution containing 10 mM MgSO₄·7H₂O and 0.025% (v/v) Silwet L77. A: Common persistent up-regulated TDF (indicated by an arrow) in both tomato lines. B: Common persistent down-regulated TDF in both tomato lines. C: Specific persistent up-regulated TDF in PI 114490. D: Specific persistent down-regulated TDF in PI 114490. E: Constitutive expressed only in PI 114490. F: Constitutive expressed only in OH 88119. G: Length polymorphism fragment between two tomato lines.</p

Differentially expressed patterns of TDFs during inoculation with race T3 and their annotation detected in Sol Genomics Network database.

a<p>Two selective nucleotide at the 3′terminus of each primer.</p>b<p>Multiple cDNA length indicates different TDFs with different sequences from the same gene.</p>c<p>“No hits found”indicates that the sequence of TDF do not show any sequence similarity to known cDNA sequences in ITAG Release 2.3 Predicted CDS (SL2.40) database.</p

DataSheet1_Non-coding ribonucleic acid-mediated CAMSAP1 upregulation leads to poor prognosis with suppressed immune infiltration in liver hepatocellular carcinoma.ZIP

Liver hepatocellular carcinoma (LIHC) is well-known for its unfavorable prognosis due to the lack of reliable diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers. Calmodulin-regulated spectrin-associated protein 1 (CAMSAP1) is a non-centrosomal microtubule minus-end binding protein that regulates microtubule dynamics. This study aims to investigate the specific role and mechanisms of CAMSAP1 in LIHC. We performed systematical analyses of CAMSAP1 and demonstrated that differential expression of CAMSAP1 is associated with genetic alteration and DNA methylation, and serves as a potential diagnostic and prognostic biomarker in some cancers, especially LIHC. Further evidence suggested that CAMSAP1 overexpression leads to adverse clinical outcomes in advanced LIHC. Moreover, the AC145207.5/LINC01748-miR-101–3p axis is specifically responsible for CAMSAP1 overexpression in LIHC. In addition to the previously reported functions in the cell cycle and regulation of actin cytoskeleton, CAMSAP1-related genes are enriched in cancer- and immune-associated pathways. As expected, CAMSAP1-associated LIHC is infiltrated in the suppressed immune microenvironment. Specifically, except for immune cell infiltration, it is significantly positively correlated with immune checkpoint genes, especially CD274 (PD-L1), and cancer-associated fibroblasts. Prediction of immune checkpoint blockade therapy suggests that these patients may benefit from therapy. Our study is the first to demonstrate that besides genetic alteration and DNA methylation, AC145207.5/LINC01748-miR-101-3p-mediated CAMSAP1 upregulation in advanced LIHC leads to poor prognosis with suppressed immune infiltration, representing a potential diagnostic and prognostic biomarker as well as a promising immunotherapy target for LIHC.</p