3 research outputs found
Data_Sheet_1_Limonene formulation exhibited potential application in the control of mycelial growth and deoxynivalenol production in Fusarium graminearum.docx
Preventing grain from fungi and subsequent mycotoxins contamination has attracted notable attention. Present study demonstrated the limonene-formulated product Wetcit®, might be a biocontrol agent and potential alternative to synthetic fungicides to control Fusarium graminearum growth and deoxynivalenol (DON) production. The limonene formulation exhibited antifungal activity against F. graminearum with the EC50 at 1.40 μl/ml, electron microscopy and staining analysis showed limonene formulation could significantly decrease the quantity, length and septa of conidia, caused hyphal break and shrink, damaged the structures of cell membrane, cell wall, vacuoles and organelles in the hypha. Further study revealed the antifungal and antitoxic mechanism of limonene formulation against F. graminearum, limonene formulation significantly inhibited the toxisome and DON formation, was associated with the down-regulation of trichothecenes biosynthesis genes expression and many energy metabolism pathways as well as the inhibition of lipid droplets, the disturbed energy homeostasis and intracellular structures might ultimately inhibit fungal growth and DON production. In addition, limonene formulation enhanced the antifungal activity of triazole fungicides tebuconazole and mefentrifluconazole against F. graminearum, indicated limonene formulation has valuable potential as a bio-alternative fungicide and eco-friendly compound preparation for the effective management of F. graminearum and DON contamination in agriculture.</p
Design, Synthesis, and Insecticidal Activity of Novel Isoxazoline Compounds That Contain <i>Meta</i>-diamides against Fall Armyworm (Spodoptera frugiperda)
Fall armyworm (Spodoptera
frugiperda) is a major migratory pest around the entire
world that causes severe
damage to agriculture. We designed and synthesized a series of novel
isoxazoline derivatives based on the previously discovered active
compound H13 to find new and effective candidates against S. frugiperda. Most of them showed excellent insecticidal
activity. In addition, a three-dimensional quantitative structure–activity
relationship model was established, and compound F32 was
designed and synthesized based on the results. The bioassay result
showed that compound F32 exhibited excellent activity
against S. frugiperda (LC50 = 3.46 mg/L), which was substantially better than that of the positive
control fipronil (LC50 = 78.8 mg/L). Furthermore, an insect
γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay
indicated that F32 can upregulate the content of GABA
in insects in a manner similar to that of fipronil. Molecular docking
showed that the hydrophobic effect and hydrogen-bond interactions
are vital factors between the binding of F32 and receptors.
All of these results suggest that compound F32 could
be employed as a novel isoxazoline lead compound to control S. frugiperda
Discovery of Novel Isoxazoline Compounds that Incorporate a <i>para</i>-Diamide Moiety as Potential Insecticidal Agents against Fall Armyworm (Spodoptera frugiperda)
Spodoptera frugiperda is
a major
migratory agricultural pest, which seriously impedes agricultural
production around the world. To discover potent compounds against S. frugiperda, a number of novel isoxazoline derivatives
were designed and synthesized and created on account of the identified
lead compound F32 (4-(5-(3,5-dichlorophenyl)-5-(trifluoromethyl)-4,5-dihydroisoxazol-3-yl)-2-methyl-N-(3-propionamidophenyl)benzamide). Based on the three-dimensional
quantitative structure–activity relationship of those compounds,
the compound G22 (N-(4-acetamidophenyl)-4-(5-(3,5-dichlorophenyl)-5-(trifluoromethyl)-4,5-dihydroisoxazol-3-yl)-2-methylbenzamide)
was developed. A bioassay showed that G22 is highly lethal
to S. frugiperda (LC50 =
1.57 mg/L), a more effective control than insecticides fipronil (LC50 = 78.8 mg/L) and chlorantraniliprole (LC50 =
1.60 mg/L). Field trials were also implemented to identify candidate
agents. Furthermore, from the insect γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA)
enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, it is obvious that G22 could up-regulate the expression of GABA of insects, which showed
a similar result to fipronil. The analysis of molecular docking exhibited
that the hydrophobic effect and hydrogen bonds play key roles in the
combination between G22 with GABA receptors. This study
provides a potent isoxazoline candidate compound for the S. frugiperda control