Heat Transfer and Fluidization Characteristics of Lignite in a Pulsation-Assisted Fluidized Bed

To address the problem of low drying efficiency increasing lignite dryer size, a pulsation-assisted fluidized bed with horizontal tube bundles was built for investigating the heat transfer in lignite particles with the goal of enhancing the lignite drying rate by introducing a pulsed flow to increase the heat transfer rate. Results showed that the pulsation-assisted flow increased the heat transfer rates by a maximum of 50–100%. The heat-enhancement effect increased as the gas velocity increased, with 3 and 5 Hz pulsation-assisted flows demonstrating higher heat transfer rates than a 1 Hz flow. Local heat transfer rates showed a maximum value at the tube top for lignite. Simulation was conducted to analyze the details of the lignite particles and bubble movements to explain the heat transfer rate enhancement effect

Characterization of a Chloride-Activated Surface Complex and Corresponding Enhancement Mechanism by SERS Saturation Effect

Chemical enhancement in surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) may involve the presence of s charge-transfer (CT) complex either by direct binding (covalent) to the metal or by indirect binding with the assistance of an electrolyte ion. The electrolyte (e.g., NaCl, MgSO₄) is very necessary for both direct binding and indirect binding. For the direct binding complex, the electrolyte functions as aggregation agents to create hot spots, while for the indirect binding complex, the electrolyte is used to not only assist the formation of the CT complex but also create hot spots by aggregating nanoparticles. Thus, it is difficult to identify the types of complexes by direct observation. In this article, the types of CT complexes can be distinguished via simply observing the change of saturation point of SERS intensity. The saturation point for indirect binding complex can easily be shifted to higher concentration by simply increasing the concentration of chloride, but the saturation point for the direct binding complex is almost unchanged. Correspondingly, the type of chemical enhancement can be studied further after the complexes are confirmed. Thus, this new method is a very simple and effective way to characterize the types of CT complexes and chemical enhancement

An icaritin-loaded microemulsion based on coix oil for improved pharmacokinetics and enhanced antitumor efficacy

Combinational icaritin (IC) and coix seed oil (CSO) holds promising potential in the treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma. However, traditional cocktail therapy is facing difficulties to optimize the synergistic antitumor efficacy due to the asynchronous pharmacokinetics. Therefore, we developed an icaritin-loaded microemulsion based on coix seed oil (IC-MEs) for improved pharmacokinetics and enhanced antitumor efficacy. The preparation technology of IC-MEs was optimized by the Box–Behnken design and the pharmaceutical properties were characterized in detail. IC-MEs show synergistic antiproliferation against HepG2 cells compared with monotherapy. The mechanism is associated with stronger apoptosis induction via enhancing caspases-3 activity. IC-MEs significantly improve the bioavailability of IC due to the encapsulation of coix oil-based microemulsion and also obtain the desired liver accumulation and elimination. More importantly, IC-MEs exhibit the overwhelming antitumor ability among all of the treatments on the HepG2 xenograft-bearing mice. This study verifies the feasibility of using coix oil-based microemulsion to improve the antitumor effect of water-insoluble components.</p

Liquid Phase Exfoliated MoS₂ Nanosheets Percolated with Carbon Nanotubes for High Volumetric/Areal Capacity Sodium-Ion Batteries

The search for high-capacity, low-cost electrode materials for sodium-ion batteries is a significant challenge in energy research. Among the many potential candidates, layered compounds such as MoS₂ have attracted increasing attention. However, such materials have not yet fulfilled their true potential. Here, we show that networks of liquid phase exfoliated MoS₂ nanosheets, reinforced with 20 wt % single-wall carbon nanotubes (SWNTs), can be formed into sodium-ion battery electrodes with large gravimetric, volumetric, and areal capacity. The MoS₂/SWNT composite films are highly porous, electrically conductive, and mechanically robust due to its percolating carbon nanotube network. When directly employed as the working electrode, they exhibit a specific capacity of >400 mAh/g and volumetric capacity of ∼650 mAh/cm³. Their mechanical stability allows them to be processed into free-standing films with tunable thickness up to ∼100 μm, corresponding to an areal loading of 15 mg/cm². Their high electrical conductivity allows the high volumetric capacity to be retained, even at high thickness, resulting in state-of-the-art areal capacities of >4.0 mAh/cm². Such values are competitive with their lithium-ion counterparts

sj-docx-1-asm-10.1177_10731911241241495 – Supplemental material for Interpersonal Problem Profiles of Personality and Psychopathology Constructs in Chinese Undergraduates and Offenders

Supplemental material, sj-docx-1-asm-10.1177_10731911241241495 for Interpersonal Problem Profiles of Personality and Psychopathology Constructs in Chinese Undergraduates and Offenders by Yuping Liu, Christopher J. Hopwood, Aaron L. Pincus, Bingtao Zhou, Jiali Yang, Shuliang Bai and Bo Yang in Assessment</p

Voltammetric Determination of the Reversible Potentials for [{Ru₄O₄(OH)₂(H₂O)₄}(γ-SiW₁₀O₃₆)₂]^10– over the pH Range of 2–12: Electrolyte Dependence and Implications for Water Oxidation Catalysis

Voltammetric studies of the Ru-containing polyoxometalate water oxidation molecular catalyst [{Ru₄O₄(OH)₂(H₂O)₄}­(γ-SiW₁₀O₃₆)₂]^10– ([<b>1</b>(γ-SiW₁₀O₃₆)₂]^10– where <b>1</b> represents the {Ru₄O₄(OH)₂(H₂O)₄} core and <b>1</b>(0) stands for its initial form with all ruthenium centers in the oxidation state IV) have been carried out in aqueous media over a wide range of pH (2–12 using Britton–Robinson buffer) and ionic strength. Well-defined voltammograms in buffered media are only obtained when Frumkin double layer effects are suppressed by the presence of a sufficient concentration of additional supporting electrolyte (LiNO₃, NaNO₃, KNO₃, Ca­(NO₃)₂, Mg­(NO₃)₂, MgSO₄, or Na₂SO₄). A combination of data derived from dc cyclic, rotating disk electrode, and Fourier transformed large amplitude ac voltammetry allow the assignment of two processes related to reduction of the framework and the complete series of Ru^III/IV and Ru^IV/V redox processes and also provide their reversible potentials. Analysis of these data reveals that K⁺ has a significantly stronger interaction with <b>1</b>(1) (the number inside bracket stands for the number of electrons removed from <b>1</b>(0)) than found for the other cations investigated, and hence its presence significantly alters the pH dependence of the <b>1</b>(0)/<b>1</b>(1) reversible potential. Comparison of experimental data with theory developed in terms of equilibrium constants for process <b>1</b>(0)/<b>1</b>(1) reveals that both H⁺ and K⁺ interact competitively with both <b>1</b>(0) and <b>1</b>(1). Importantly, reversible potential data reveal that (i) proton transfer does not necessarily need to be coupled to all electron transfer steps to achieve catalytic oxidation of water, (ii) the four-electron oxidized form, <b>1</b>(4), is capable of oxidizing water under all conditions studied, and (iii) under some conditions, the three-electron oxidized form, <b>1</b>(3), also exhibits considerable catalytic activity

Additional file 4: of Construction of a high-density, high-quality genetic map of cultivated lotus (Nelumbo nucifera) using next-generation sequencing

The high-density lotus genetic map consisted with 8 LGs (LG1- LG8, on top of the map). The bin names and locations are labeled on the LGs. (PDF 1069 kb

Hydrothermal Synthesis of a New Kind of N‑Doped Graphene Gel-like Hybrid As an Enhanced ORR Electrocatalyst

In this work, g-C₃N₄@GO gel-like hybrid is obtained by assembling intentionally exfoliated g-C₃N₄ sheets on graphene oxide (GO) sheets under a hydrothermal condition. A specific N-doping process is first designed by heating the g-C₃N₄@GO interlaced hybrid in vacuum to form nitrogen-doped graphene nanosheets (NGS) with high level of pyridinic-N (56.0%) and edge-rich defect structure. The prepared NGS exhibited a great electrocatalysis for oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) in terms of the activity, durability, methanol tolerance, and the reaction kinetics. And the excellent electrocatalytic performance stems from the effective N-doped sites that the nitrogen atom is successfully doped at the defective edges of graphene, and the annealing temperature can play significant role of the doping pattern and location of N. The research provides a new insight into the enhancement of electrocatalysis for ORR based on nonmetal carbons by using the novel N-doping method

Additional file 1 of Homologous-magnetic dual-targeted metal-organic framework to improve the Anti-hepatocellular carcinoma efficacy of PD-1 inhibitor

Supplementary Material