23 research outputs found
Effect of Temperature on Asphaltene Precipitation in Crude Oils from Xinjiang Oilfield
During the production of crude oil, asphaltenes are prone
to precipitate
due to the changes of external conditions (temperature, pressure,
etc.). Therefore, a series of research studies were designed to investigate
the effect of temperature on asphaltene precipitation for two Xinjiang
crude oils (S1, S2) so as to reveal the mechanism of asphaltene dissolution.
First, the changes of asphaltene precipitation were intuitively observed
by using a microscope. The results demonstrated that the asphaltene
solubility increased with the increase of temperature and the dispersion
rate of asphaltene particles increased with the decrease of particle
size. Second, the variation of asphaltene precipitation with temperature
was quantified by a gravimetric method. The results suggested that
the different asphaltenes showed different sensitivity to temperature
within the temperature range 25ā120 Ā°C. Third, a hypothesis
was proposed to explain these results and proved that the asphaltene
aggregate structure was an important factor for asphaltene stability.
The crystallite parameters of asphaltenes were obtained by X-ray diffraction
(XRD) to describe the structural characteristics. The results revealed
that the layer distance between aromatic sheets (dm) of asphaltenes derived from S1 oil
and S2 oil were 0.378 and 0.408 nm, respectively, which implied that
the asphaltene aggregates derived from S2 oil were looser than those
of S1 oil. Therefore, high temperature could facilitate the penetration
of resins into asphaltene aggregates and ultimately improve the dispersion
of asphaltenes. Finally, molecular dynamics (MD) simulation was used
to verify the conclusions. Based on the molecular dynamics method,
asphaltene aggregate models were developed. The compactness and internal
energy of each model were calculated. The results showed that the
asphaltene dispersion capability was proportional to the porosity
and internal energy
A new isophorone-based ligand and its Ag(I) complex: crystal structures and luminescence
<div><p>An isophorone-based ligand with a delocalized Ļ-electron system, 2-{5,5-dimethyl-3-[2-(pyridine-4-yl)ethenyl]cyclohex-2-enylidene}propanedinitrile (<b>L</b>), was synthesized. By assembling the ligand with AgNO<sub>3</sub>, a mononuclear complex [Ag(L)<sub>2</sub>]NO<sub>3</sub>Ā·H<sub>2</sub>O was obtained. Compared with the free ligand, the complex shows superior luminescent properties with large red-shift and longer fluorescence lifetime.</p></div
KO<sup><i>t</i></sup>Bu-Mediated Coupling of Indoles and [60]Fullerene: TransitionāMetal-Free and General Synthesis of 1,2-(3-Indole)(hydro)[60]fullerenes
Direct
coupling of indoles with C<sub>60</sub> has been achieved
for the first time. Transition-metal-free KO<sup><i>t</i></sup>Bu-mediated reaction of indoles to [60]Āfullerene has been developed
as a practical and efficient method for the synthesis of various 1,2-(3-indole)Ā(hydro)[60]Āfullerenes
that are otherwise difficult to direct synthesize in an efficient
and selective manner. This methodology tolerates sensitive functionalities
such as chloro, ester, and nitro on indole and builds molecular complexity
rapidly, with most reactions reaching completion in <1 h. A plausible
reaction mechanism is proposed to explain the high regioselectivity
at the 3-position of the indoles and the formation of 1,2-(3-indole)Ā(hydro)[60]Āfullerenes
Uniting Ruthenium(II) and Platinum(II) Polypyridine Centers in Heteropolymetallic Complexes Giving Strong Two-Photon Absorption
New
trinuclear RuPt<sub>2</sub> and heptanuclear RuPt<sub>6</sub> complex
salts are prepared by attaching Pt<sup>II</sup> 2,2ā²:6ā²,2ā³-terpyridine
(tpy) moieties to Ru<sup>II</sup> 4,4ā²:2ā²,2ā³:4ā³,4ā“-quaterpyridine
(qpy) complexes. Characterization includes single crystal X-ray structures
for both polymetallic species. The visible absorption bands are primarily
due to Ru<sup>II</sup> ā qpy metal-to-ligand charge-transfer
(MLCT) transitions, according to time-dependent density functional
theory (TD-DFT) calculations. These spectra change only slightly on
Pt coordination, while the orange-red emission from the complexes
shows corresponding small red-shifts, accompanied by decreases in
intensity. Cubic molecular nonlinear optical behavior has been assessed
by using Z-scan measurements. These reveal relatively high two-photon
absorption (2PA) cross sections Ļ<sub>2</sub>, with maximal
values of 301 GM at 834 nm (RuPt<sub>2</sub>) and 523 GM at 850 nm
(RuPt<sub>6</sub>) when dissolved in methanol or acetone, respectively.
Attaching Pt<sup>II</sup>(tpy) moieties triples or quadruples the
2PA activities when compared with the Ru<sup>II</sup>-based cores
Substituent Group Variations Directing the Molecular Packing, Electronic Structure, and Aggregation-Induced Emission Property of Isophorone Derivatives
A series of new isophorone derivatives
(<b>1</b>ā<b>5</b>), incorporating the heterocyclic
ring or aza-crown-ether
group, with large Stokes shifts (>140 nm), have been synthesized
and
characterized. <b>1</b>ā<b>4</b> display aggregation-induced
emission behaviors, while dye <b>5</b> is highly emissive in
solution but quenched in the solid state. It was found that the tuning
of emission color of the isophorone-based compounds in the solid state
could be conveniently accomplished by changing the terminal substituent
group. The photophysical properties in solution, aqueous suspension,
and crystalline state, along with their relationships, are comparatively
investigated. Crystallographic data of <b>1</b>ā<b>4</b> indicate that the existence of multiple intermolecular hydrogen
bonding interactions between the adjacent molecules restricts the
intramolecular vibration and rotation and enables compounds <b>1</b>ā<b>4</b> to emit intensely in the solid state.
The size and growth processes of particles with different water fractions
were studied using a scanning electron microscope, indicating that
smaller globular nanoparticles in aqueous suspension are in favor
of fluorescence emissions. The above results suggest that substituent
groups have a great influence on their molecular packing, electronic
structure, and aggregation-induced emission properties. In addition,
fluorescence cell imaging experiment proved the potential application
of <b>5</b>
Substituent Group Variations Directing the Molecular Packing, Electronic Structure, and Aggregation-Induced Emission Property of Isophorone Derivatives
A series of new isophorone derivatives
(<b>1</b>ā<b>5</b>), incorporating the heterocyclic
ring or aza-crown-ether
group, with large Stokes shifts (>140 nm), have been synthesized
and
characterized. <b>1</b>ā<b>4</b> display aggregation-induced
emission behaviors, while dye <b>5</b> is highly emissive in
solution but quenched in the solid state. It was found that the tuning
of emission color of the isophorone-based compounds in the solid state
could be conveniently accomplished by changing the terminal substituent
group. The photophysical properties in solution, aqueous suspension,
and crystalline state, along with their relationships, are comparatively
investigated. Crystallographic data of <b>1</b>ā<b>4</b> indicate that the existence of multiple intermolecular hydrogen
bonding interactions between the adjacent molecules restricts the
intramolecular vibration and rotation and enables compounds <b>1</b>ā<b>4</b> to emit intensely in the solid state.
The size and growth processes of particles with different water fractions
were studied using a scanning electron microscope, indicating that
smaller globular nanoparticles in aqueous suspension are in favor
of fluorescence emissions. The above results suggest that substituent
groups have a great influence on their molecular packing, electronic
structure, and aggregation-induced emission properties. In addition,
fluorescence cell imaging experiment proved the potential application
of <b>5</b>
Systematic Study and Imaging Application of Aggregation-Induced Emission of Ester-Isophorone Derivatives
The dicyanoisophorone derivatives
show obvious AIE behaviors in
our previous work. To study the bioimaging application of these chromophores
with AIE/AIEE properties, the ester groups substituted for one cyan
to form a new family based on isophorone (<b>2a</b>ā<b>2e</b>). <b>2a</b>ā<b>2d</b> exhibit obvious
AIE/AIEE phenomena, while <b>2e</b> shows fluorescence quenching
in the aggregate state. The morphology and size of aggregates with
different water contents were investigated using SEM and DLS, indicating
that a large number of smaller globular or quadrate nanoparticles
with average diameters in the range 78.79ā392.7 nm in mixed
solutions are related to these AIE/AIEE or ACQ behaviors. We also
made comparative analyses of their optical properties in different
states. The crystal data of <b>2a</b>ā<b>2d</b> reveal that the multiple intra- and intermolecular interactions
leads to the molecular conformation being more stable, increases the
planarity of compounds, restricts the intramolecular motions, and
promotes the formation of <i>J</i>-type aggregate, enabling
chromophores <b>2a</b>ā<b>2d</b> to emit intensely
in the solid state. In addition, the frontier molecular orbital energy
and band gap calculated by density functional theory are quite consistent
with the experimental results. Finally, these AIE/AIEE-active compounds
could be used in bioimaging applications, which immensely provide
a new strategy to the application of some AIE/AIEE systems
Substituent Group Variations Directing the Molecular Packing, Electronic Structure, and Aggregation-Induced Emission Property of Isophorone Derivatives
A series of new isophorone derivatives
(<b>1</b>ā<b>5</b>), incorporating the heterocyclic
ring or aza-crown-ether
group, with large Stokes shifts (>140 nm), have been synthesized
and
characterized. <b>1</b>ā<b>4</b> display aggregation-induced
emission behaviors, while dye <b>5</b> is highly emissive in
solution but quenched in the solid state. It was found that the tuning
of emission color of the isophorone-based compounds in the solid state
could be conveniently accomplished by changing the terminal substituent
group. The photophysical properties in solution, aqueous suspension,
and crystalline state, along with their relationships, are comparatively
investigated. Crystallographic data of <b>1</b>ā<b>4</b> indicate that the existence of multiple intermolecular hydrogen
bonding interactions between the adjacent molecules restricts the
intramolecular vibration and rotation and enables compounds <b>1</b>ā<b>4</b> to emit intensely in the solid state.
The size and growth processes of particles with different water fractions
were studied using a scanning electron microscope, indicating that
smaller globular nanoparticles in aqueous suspension are in favor
of fluorescence emissions. The above results suggest that substituent
groups have a great influence on their molecular packing, electronic
structure, and aggregation-induced emission properties. In addition,
fluorescence cell imaging experiment proved the potential application
of <b>5</b>
Substituent Group Variations Directing the Molecular Packing, Electronic Structure, and Aggregation-Induced Emission Property of Isophorone Derivatives
A series of new isophorone derivatives
(<b>1</b>ā<b>5</b>), incorporating the heterocyclic
ring or aza-crown-ether
group, with large Stokes shifts (>140 nm), have been synthesized
and
characterized. <b>1</b>ā<b>4</b> display aggregation-induced
emission behaviors, while dye <b>5</b> is highly emissive in
solution but quenched in the solid state. It was found that the tuning
of emission color of the isophorone-based compounds in the solid state
could be conveniently accomplished by changing the terminal substituent
group. The photophysical properties in solution, aqueous suspension,
and crystalline state, along with their relationships, are comparatively
investigated. Crystallographic data of <b>1</b>ā<b>4</b> indicate that the existence of multiple intermolecular hydrogen
bonding interactions between the adjacent molecules restricts the
intramolecular vibration and rotation and enables compounds <b>1</b>ā<b>4</b> to emit intensely in the solid state.
The size and growth processes of particles with different water fractions
were studied using a scanning electron microscope, indicating that
smaller globular nanoparticles in aqueous suspension are in favor
of fluorescence emissions. The above results suggest that substituent
groups have a great influence on their molecular packing, electronic
structure, and aggregation-induced emission properties. In addition,
fluorescence cell imaging experiment proved the potential application
of <b>5</b>
Boosting Hot-Electron Generation: Exciton Dissociation at the OrderāDisorder Interfaces in Polymeric Photocatalysts
Excitonic effects,
arising from the Coulomb interactions between
photogenerated electrons and holes, dominate the optical excitation
properties of semiconductors, whereas their influences on photocatalytic
processes have seldom been discussed. In view of the competitive generation
of excitons and hot carriers, exciton dissociation is proposed as
an alternative strategy for hot-carrier harvesting in photocatalysts.
Herein, by taking heptazine-based melon as an example, we verified
that enhanced hot-carrier generation could be obtained in semicrystalline
polymeric photocatalysts, which is ascribed to the accelerated exciton
dissociation at the abundant orderādisorder interfaces. Moreover,
driven by the accompanying electron injection toward ordered chains
and hole blocking in disordered chains, semicrystalline heptazine-based
melon showed an ā¼7-fold promotion in electron concentration
with respect to its pristine counterpart. Benefiting from these, the
semicrystalline sample exhibited dramatic enhancements in electron-involved
photocatalytic processes, such as superoxide radical production and
selective alcohol oxidation. This work brightens excitonic aspects
for the design of advanced photocatalysts