Molecular characterization and antimicrobial susceptibility of Streptococcus pneumoniae isolated from children hospitalized with respiratory infections in Suzhou, China.

BACKGROUND: Dissemination of antibiotic resistant clones is recognized as an important factor in the emergence and prevalence of resistance in pneumococcus. This study was undertaken to survey the antimicrobial susceptibility and serotypes distribution of pneumococci and to explore the circulating clones in hospitalized children in Suzhou, China. METHODS: The pneumococci were isolated from the nasopharyngeal aspirates of children less than 5 years of age admitted to Soochow-University-Affiliated-Children's-Hospital with respiratory infections. The capsular serotypes were identified by multiplex polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Antimicrobial susceptibility was tested by E-test. The presence of ermB, mefA/E genes were detected by PCR and the genotypes were explored by Multilocus sequence typing (MLST). RESULTS: From July 2012 to July 2013, a total of 175 pneumococcal isolates were collected and all strains were resistant to erythromycin and clindamycin, about 39.4% strains were non-susceptible to penicillin G. Overall, 174 (99.4%) isolates were resistant to ≥ 3 types of antibiotics. Serotypes 19F (28.1%), 6B (19.7%), 19A (18.0%), and 23F (17.4%) were the most common serotypes in all identified strains. The serotypes coverage of PCV7 and PCV13 were 71.9% and 89.9%, respectively. Four international antibiotic-resistant clones, including Taiwan19F-14 (n = 79), Spain23F-1(n = 25), Taiwan23F-15(n = 7) and Spain6B-2(n = 7), were identified. The Taiwan19F-14 clones have a higher non-susceptibility rate in β-lactams than other clones and non-clone isolates (p<0.001). In addition, 98.7% Taiwan19F-14 clones were positive of both ermB and mefA/E genes, compare to 33.3% in other clones and non-clone strains. CONCLUSIONS: The spread of international antibiotic-resistant clones, especially Taiwan19F-14 clones, played a predominant role in the dissemination of antimicrobial resistant isolates in Suzhou, China. Considering the high prevalence of PCV7 serotypes and serotype 19A, the introduction of PCV13 may be a promising preventive strategy to control the increasing trend of clonal spread in China

Antimicrobial susceptibility and MICs of 175 <i>S.pneumoniae</i> strains isolated from respiratory infection Children younger than 5 years.

<p>Antimicrobial susceptibility and MICs of 175 <i>S.pneumoniae</i> strains isolated from respiratory infection Children younger than 5 years.</p

Population snapshot of 174 <i>S.pneumoniae</i> isolates.

<p>One spot represents a single ST. The size of the circle corresponds to the number of isolates belonging to a ST. The lines indicate the presence of single locus variant (SLV) links among particular STs. Blue spots indicate the founder of a clonal complex.</p

The distribution of macrolide-resistant genes among 175 <i>S.pneumoniae</i> isolates in different clones.

<p>Note:</p>a<p>The one isolates without ST number was grouped into other isolates.</p

The demographic and clinical characteristics of 175 enrolled patients.

<p>Note:</p>a<p>Others included bronchitis, asthma, acute bronchiolitis and acute laryngotracheal bronchitis.</p

Additional file 1 of Insight into carbapenem resistance and virulence of Acinetobacter baumannii from a children’s medical centre in eastern China

Supplementary Material 1: Table S1 Genome sequence tabl

The serotype distribution of the <i>S.pneumoniae</i> isolates.

<p>Note: Given to 3 co-colonization isolates, the denominator of PCV coverage rate and serotype proportions was 178. NT indicated non-typed serotypes.</p

The antimicrobial susceptibility and MIC s of β-lactams antibiotics between international antibiotic-resistant clones and other strains.

<p>Note:</p>a<p>Clones represented the four international antibiotic-resistant clones including Taiwan^19F-14, Spain^23F-1, Taiwan^23F-15 and Spain^6B-2.</p

Microcystis aeruginosa/Pseudomonas pseudoalcaligenes interaction effects on off-flavors in algae/bacteria co-culture system under different temperatures

We conducted an experiment to study the interaction effects of Microcystis aeruginosa and Pseudomonas pseudoalcaligenes on off-flavors in an algae/bacteria co-culture system at three temperatures (24, 28 and 32 degrees C). Gas chromatography mass spectrometry was applied to measure off-flavor compounds dimethyl sulfide (DMS), dimethyl trisulfide (DMTS), 2-methylisobomeol, geosmin (GEO) and beta-cyclocitral. During the lag phase of co-cultured M. aeruginosa (first 15 days), P. pseudoalcaligenes significantly increased the production of DMS, DMTS and beta-cyclocitral at all three temperatures. In the exponential phase of co-cultured M. aeruginosa (after 15 days), M. aeruginosa became the main factor on off-flavors in the co-culture system, and beta-cyclocitral turned to the highest off-flavor compound. These results also indicated that DMS, DMTS and beta-cyclocitral were the main off-flavor compounds in our M. aeruginosa/P. pseudoalcaligenes co-culture system. Univariate analysis was applied to investigate the effects of M. aeruginosa and P. pseudoalcaligenes on the production of off-flavors. The results demonstrated that both M. aeruginosa and P. pseudoalcaligenes could increase the production of DMS and DMTS, while beta-cyclocitral was mainly determined by M. aeruginosa. Our results also provide some insights into understanding the relationship between cyanobacteria and heterotrophic bacteria. (C) 2015 The Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences. Published by Elsevier B.V

Randomized control study of the use of faropenem for treating patients with pulmonary tuberculosis

ABSTRACT: Objectives: Faropenem has antituberculosis activity in vitro but its utility in treating patients with tuberculosis (TB) is unclear. Methods: We conducted an open-label, randomized trial in China, involving newly diagnosed, drug-susceptible pulmonary TB. The control group was treated with the standard 6-month regimen. The experimental group replaced ethambutol with faropenem for 2 months. The primary outcome was the treatment success rate after 6 months of treatment. Noninferiority was confirmed if the lower limit of a 95% one-sided confidence interval (CI) of the difference was greater than −10%. Results: A total of 227 patients eligible for the study were enrolled in the trial group and the control group in a ratio of 1:1. Baseline characteristics of participants were similar in both groups. In the modified intention-to-treat population, 88.18% of patients in the faropenem group achieved treatment success, and 85.98% of those in the control group were successfully treated, with a difference of 2.2% (95% CI, −6.73-11.13). In the per-protocol population, treatment success was 96.04% in the faropenem group and 95.83% in the control group, with a difference of 2.1% (95% CI, −5.31-5.72). The faropenem group showed noninferiority to the control group in the 6-month treatment success rates. The faropenem group had significantly fewer adverse events (P <0.01). Conclusions: Our study proved that oral faropenem regimen can be used for the treatment of TB, with fewer adverse events. (Chinese Clinical Trial Registry, ChiCTR1800015959)