Schematic diagram of SBRs.

<p>1. pH meter; 2. DO meter; 3. Stirrer; 4. Air pump; 5. Aerator; 6. Temperature control heater.</p

Absolute abundance of functional genes.

<p>(a) nirS abundance in two parallel SBRs on 46d; (b) amoA, nirK, nirS and nosZ abundance in the bioaugmented SBR. Error bars indicate standard deviations of three replicates. Invisible error bars indicate that standard deviations are smaller than the marker size.</p

Changes of NH₄⁺-N, NO₂^--N, NO₃^--N and COD in one cycle on 61d.

<p>Changes of NH₄⁺-N, NO₂^--N, NO₃^--N and COD in one cycle on 61d.</p

Promoted nitrogen removal pathway in the SBR system.

<p>Solid line: augmented pathway; Dotted line: weakened pathway.</p

Municipal wastewater treatment by the bioaugmentation of <i>Bacillus sp</i>. K5 within a sequencing batch reactor - Fig 2

<p>Comparison of the removal efficiency of TN in R1 (b) and R2 (a). Symbols: ● influent; ○ effluent; □ RE.</p

DGGE profile of PCR-amplified 16s rDNA fragment.

<p>Fragments were obtained with bacterial primer set and DNA isolated from active sludge of 15d (Lane 1), 55d (Lane 2) and 77d (Lane 3).</p

Primers of target genes used in qPCR analysis.

<p>Primers of target genes used in qPCR analysis.</p

Municipal wastewater treatment by the bioaugmentation of <i>Bacillus sp</i>. K5 within a sequencing batch reactor

<div><p>Artificial municipal wastewater was treated successfully by the bioaugmentation of <i>Bacillus sp</i>. K5 capable of simultaneous nitrification and denitrification (SND) within a sequencing batch reactor (SBR). During the long-term operation, the bioaugmentation system exhibited an excellent and steady COD and NH₄⁺-N removal without nitrite and nitrate accumulation. The average removal efficiency for COD and NH₄⁺-N achieved to 98% and 95%, respectively. PCR-DGGE, SEM and FISH revealed that the introduced <i>Bacillus sp</i>. K5 should be an important functional strain and exerted a critical influence on the structure of microbial community. qPCR analysis indicated that the strain K5 facilitated aerobic nutrients removal capabilities and SND might be the primary pathway for the nitrogen removal in the SBR. Overall, the SBR system used in our study should be very promising for the future wastewater treatment.</p></div

Performance of SBR for COD and NH₄⁺-N removal from municipal wastewater.

<p>Performance of SBR for COD and NH₄⁺-N removal from municipal wastewater.</p

In Situ Phototriggered Disulfide-Cross-Link Nanoparticles for Drug Delivery

In situ forming redox responsive nanoparticles have been developed based on amphiphilic copolymers-phototriggered disulfide-cross-link macromolecules (PDCM). Upon 405 nm light irradiation, the macrocyclic thiol caged coumarin phototrigger in PDCM can release free thiols, and these free thiols subsequently realize in situ disulfide cross-link via reacting with a pyridyl disulfide group inside the PDCM assembled nanoparticles. The phototriggered disulfide-cross-link strategy can be conducted rapidly, conveniently, and cleanly without adding any cross-linkers or catalysts. Via changing irradiation condition, nanoparticles with different cross-link densities can be formed. These nanoparticles can encapsulate hydrophobic guest molecules with good stability and achieve redox-triggered release under GSH reduction. Intracellular experiments show that these nanoparticles can be used as promising drug carriers