Inhibition of Necroptosis Rescues SAH-Induced Synaptic Impairments in Hippocampus via CREB-BDNF Pathway

Subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) is a devastating form of stroke that leads to incurable outcomes. Increasing evidence has proved that early brain injury (EBI) contributes mostly to unfavorable outcomes after SAH. A previously unknown mechanism of regulated cell death known as necroptosis has recently been reported. Necrostatin-1 (nec-1), a specific and potent inhibitor of necroptosis, can attenuate brain impairments after SAH. However, the effect of nec-1 on the hippocampus and its neuroprotective impact on synapses after SAH is not well understood. Our present study was designed to investigate the potential effects of nec-1 administration on synapses and its relevant signal pathway in EBI after SAH. Nec-1 was administrated in a rat model via intracerebroventricular injection after SAH. Neurobehavior scores and brain edema were detected at 24 h after SAH occurred. The expression of the receptor-interacting proteins 1 and 3 (RIP1and3) was examined as a marker of necroptosis. We used hematoxylin and eosin staining, Nissl staining, silver staining and terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick end labeling (TUNEL) to observe the morphological changes in hippocampus. The protective effect of nec-1 on synapses was evaluated using western blotting and electron microscopy and Western blotting was used to detect the cAMP responsive element binding (CREB) protein and brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), and we used transmission electron microscopy and TUNEL to detect the protective effects of nec-1 when a specific inhibitor of CREB, known as 666-15, was used. Our results showed that in the SAH group, RIP1, and RIP3 significantly increased in the hippocampus. Additionally, injection of nec-1 alleviated brain edema and improved neurobehavior scores, compared with those in the SAH group. The damage to neurons was attenuated, and synaptic structure also improved in the Sham+nec-1 group. Furthermore, nec-1 treatment significantly enhanced the levels of phospho-CREB and BDNF compared with those in the SAH group. The protective effect of nec-1 could hindered by 666-15. Thus, nec-1 mitigated SAH-induced synaptic impairments in the hippocampus through the inhibition of necroptosis in connection with the CREB-BDNF pathway. This study may provide a new strategy for SAH patients in clinical practice

A heterozygous moth genome provides insights into herbivory and detoxification

How an insect evolves to become a successful herbivore is of profound biological and practical importance. Herbivores are often adapted to feed on a specific group of evolutionarily and biochemically related host plants1, but the genetic and molecular bases for adaptation to plant defense compounds remain poorly understood2. We report the first whole-genome sequence of a basal lepidopteran species, Plutella xylostella, which contains 18,071 protein-coding and 1,412 unique genes with an expansion of gene families associated with perception and the detoxification of plant defense compounds. A recent expansion of retrotransposons near detoxification-related genes and a wider system used in the metabolism of plant defense compounds are shown to also be involved in the development of insecticide resistance. This work shows the genetic and molecular bases for the evolutionary success of this worldwide herbivore and offers wider insights into insect adaptation to plant feeding, as well as opening avenues for more sustainable pest management.Minsheng You … Simon W Baxter … et al

Damage Identification of Multi-span Bridge Structure Based on the Recognition of Influence Line

The stress and deflection effects of the line changes before and after the bridge damage are used as indicators to evaluate the bridge damage and the initial damage site. Then a method of combining information is proposed to improve the accuracy of the damage site. Three-span continuous reinforced concrete was used in the analysis. According to the test, the effectiveness of damage identification based on the damage change of the influence line and the feasibility of the damage location method based on multi-sensory information fusion are confirmed

Transfer Learning-Based Fault Diagnosis Method for Marine Turbochargers

To address the issues of the high cost of marine turbocharger fault simulation testing and the difficulties in obtaining fault sample data, a multi-body dynamics model of a marine turbocharger was developed. The simulation approach was used to acquire the turbocharger vibration signals. The result shows that the amplitude of the 1× vibration signal power spectrum drops as the bearing surface roughness increases. However, the amplitude of the 2× and 9× vibration signal power spectra increases as the roughness increases. The TrAdaBoost transfer learning method is used to develop a marine turbocharger diagnosis model. The validation results of 2040 simulated fault samples reveal that when the desired sample number is 20, the diagnostic model has an accuracy of 87%. When the desired number of samples is 40, the diagnostic model’s accuracy is 96%. The diagnosis model may perform diagnosis information transfer between the actual turbocharger and the simulation model

GB-ArcSAR Imaging Based on Optimized Construction of Reference Plane

Due to the specific arc-scanning way of ground-based arc-scanning synthetic aperture radar (GB-ArcSAR) to synthesize aperture, when a target's height is large enough and deviates much from the reference imaging plane, the image defocus would occur since that the target's range migration trajectory cannot be completely compensated. This article makes a theoretical analysis of the reasons for GB-ArcSAR imaging defocus, when it is utilized to observe those targets with large height differences, i.e., large elevation angles, from the imaging plane. A quantitative relationship between the imaging defocus level and the elevation angle is deduced with the simulation of an ideal target. Aiming at solving the problem of imaging defocus, an optimized imaging method of GB-ArcSAR based on the reference plane construction is proposed. A series of reference planes with different inclination angles or starting ranges are constructed and utilized for radar imaging separately. The minimum entropy criterion is then taken to search for the optimal plane. The qualitative and quantitative comparisons of the simulated and experimental datasets with other methods both prove the effectiveness of the proposed method

Prevalence and environmental impact factors of somatization tendencies in eastern Chinese adolescents: a multicenter observational study

The aim of this study is at examining the prevalence and impact factors of adolescent somatization tendencies (ST) across three eastern Chinese provinces. A multicenter school-based cross-sectional study was conducted in these provinces from 2015 to 2016. The sample included 11,153 middle-school students aged 13-18 years, who were randomly selected using a multi-phase stratified cluster sampling technique. We also designed a multicenter school-based case-control study to evaluate the potential environmental impact of ST factors on this population. The overall positive rate of ST among the eastern Chinese adolescents was 12.1%. Somatic symptoms score (SSS) and positive ST rate were higher in females than males. Additionally, the SSS and positive ST rate for the 18-year-old group were significantly higher than in other age groups. In comparison to those in urban areas, adolescents in rural areas had significantly higher SSS and positive ST rate. Multiple conditional regression analyses revealed that family medical history, anxiety and depression scores; superstitious beliefs; left-behind adolescents; teacher-student support; family conflict; and family independence and achievement orientation were significantly linked to ST in adolescents. The models also indicated family medical history was the strongest impact factor to adolescent ST, even though ST were prevalent in the three studied eastern Chinese provinces. Gender, age, and dwelling differences were very significant in the SSS and positive ST rate in adolescents. This study concludes that adolescent ST are influenced by multiple environments

Scanning Error Compensation in Ground-Based ArcSAR Monitoring

Ground-based arc-scanning synthetic aperture radar (GB-ArcSAR) can perform 360° scanning and has a large field of view. Based on the differential interferometry technique, GB-ArcSAR can be utilized to measure the surface deformation. However, affected by the rotating motion, rescanning angle error and rotation center offset during repeated scanning could occur. Through theoretical analysis, this article proves that the rescanning angle error has nearly no effect on the interferometric phase and can be negligible. The phase error caused by the rotation center offset can be built as a linear multiparameter model based on the multivariate Taylor expansion. Simulations are made to analyze the effect of the rotation center offset. A compensation method based on permanent scatterer technology is proposed, by using the least squares method, which jointly compensates the rotation center offset error and the atmospheric phase disturbance error. The compensation performance of the proposed method is validated in different scenarios, which can effectively improve the accuracy of deformation measurement

Human leukocyte antigen-G (HLA-G) expression plays an important role in the diagnosis and grading of endometrial cancer

The research aimed to investigate the expression of human leukocyte antigen G (HLA-G) in cancer tissues and normal endometrium and the expression of HLA-G in the three different grades of Endometrial cancer, to determine if HLA-G expression is related with the diagnosis and grading of endometrial cancer. The expression of HLA-G protein was analysed in the primary tumour in 97 tissue samples obtained from endometrial cancer, in which 30 samples were at pathological Grade 1; 37 samples were at Grade 2; 27 samples were at Grade 3; and the other 5 samples were obtained from normal endometrium. The HLA-G protein level was measured by immunohistochemical method and analysed according to the clinicopathological parameters of patients. A statistically significant difference (p < .05) was observed in HLA-G expression between the cancerous tissue and the normal endometrium (p = .0007), and the histochemistry score (H-score) of the negative control was 0.05 ± 0.03 (mean ± SD). Statistically significant correlations were also observed between samples of pathological Grade 1 and Grade 2 (p = .0126), Grade 2 and Grade 3 (p = .0359), Grade 1 and Grade 3 (p = .0001). Endometrial cancer cells express higher levels of HLA-G probably to escape immune surveillance, and HLA-G expression level is related with the pathological grade of endometrial cancer. Therefore, HLA-G detecting and quantifying could possibly help diagnosing, grading and treatment of endometrial cancer.Impact statement What is already known on this subject? The expression of a member of the non-classical HLA antigens, HLA-G, is one of the main ways for tumour immune escape and progression. The significance of HLA-G in tumour biology has been intensively investigated (Carosella et al. ), and now it is widely acknowledged that HLA-G expression in tumours is highly linked with immune suppressive microenvironments, advanced tumour stage, poor therapeutic responses and prognosis (Lin and Yan, ). However, to our knowledge, no research has been conducted on the correlation between HLA-G expression and pathological grades of endometrial cancer. What do the results of this study add? Our study demonstrated that the expression of HLA-G plays an important role in the pathological grading of endometrial cancer. What are the implications of these findings for clinical practice and/or further research? Measuring the level of HLA-G expression to help pathological grading of endometrial cancer is important in determining the treatment of patients with endometrial cancer and studying the underlying mechanisms of the development of endometrial cancer, while proving or finding new targeted therapies inhibiting or modifying these processes still requires further investigation