STUDI PENYISIHAN MATERI ORGANIK, TEMBAGA, DAN KADMIUM DARI URBAN ROAD STORMWATER MENGGUNAKAN BIOFILTER

Abstrak: Urban road stormwater memiliki kuantitas cukup tinggi dengan kualitas tercemar, sehingga akan mempengaruhi kondisi badan air penerima. Aktivitas di kawasan urban didominasi oleh kegiatan domestik dan transportasi, sehingga mengakibatkan tingginya kandungan logam berat dan materi organik dalam stormwater. Biofilter dengan media filter bervegetasi berfungsi untuk mengolah limpasan  stormwater yang mengandung polutan.  Media  yang  digunakan  dalam  biofilter  adalah  kombinasi  tanah  dan  kompos,  pasir,  kerikil,  serta tanaman akar wangi (Vetiveria zizanioides). Eksperimen dilakukan menggunakan stormwater artifisial dengan variasi volume influen yang digunakan yaitu 25 l, 20 l, dan 15 l dengan penambahan influen setiap 3 hari. Efisiensi penyisihan Cu sebesar 92-99% pada influen 25 liter dan mengalami peningkatan hingga 100% pada influen 20 liter, sedangkan efisensi penyisihan Cd konstan di kedua influen yaitu 99-100%. Efisiensi penyisihan zat organik sebesar 79-87% untuk influen 25 liter dan 86% untuk influen 20 liter. Parameter kualitas air lain diukur untuk mengetahui pengaruh proses biofiltrasi terhadap kualitas air secara keseluruhan. Penyisihan TSS sebesar 56-83%, sulfat tersisihkan dengan efisiensi 15-38% untuk influen 25 liter dan 47-54% untuk influen 20 liter, Fe disisihkan dengan efisiensi 71-94% untuk influen 25 liter dan meningkat hingga 90-99% pada influen 20 liter, dan penyisihan Mn memiliki efisiensi 97-99% pada kedua variasi influen. Sedangkan nitrogen menunjukkan peningkatan konsentrasi di awal eksperimen, kemudian baru tersisihkan pada running ketiga

The Presence of Trihalomethanes and Haloacetic Acids in Tropical Peat Water

The presence of dissolved organic matter (DOM) in tropical peat water affects the appearance of trihalomethanes (THMs) and haloacetic acids (HAAs) in natural water sources. However, information about the presence of THM and HAA in tropical peat water is still limited. This study was conducted to determine the presence of THMs and HAAs in tropical peat water taken from a canal and a river in Riau Peatland, Indonesia, influenced by the seasons and the tides. DOM was measured by dissolved organic carbon (DOC) and UV254 absorbance. The presence of THMs and HAAs was determined based on total THM4 and HAA5 and correlated with chloride and bromide concentrations. The concentrations of chloride and bromide in the river water were higher than in the canal water because of tidal influence. Total THM4 in canal water reached 22.70 ± 0.90 and 10.78 ± 0.71 µg/L in the dry and rainy seasons, respectively, but only reached 16.64 ± 1.93 and 5.52 ± 0.05 µg/L in the river water. In contrast to THM4, total HAA5 in the river water was higher than in the canal water and reached 104.01 ± 4.67 and 106.39 ± 9.53 µg/L in the dry and rainy seasons, respectively, but only reached 9.83 ± 0.48 and 56.87 ± 6.11 µg/L in the river water. THM4 predominated in the dry season while HAA5 predominated in the rainy season

The Presence of Trihalomethanes and Haloacetic Acids in Tropical Peat Water

The presence of dissolved organic matter (DOM) in tropical peat water affects the appearance of trihalomethanes (THMs) and haloacetic acids (HAAs) in natural water sources. However, information about the presence of THM and HAA in tropical peat water is still limited. This study was conducted to determine the presence of THMs and HAAs in tropical peat water taken from a canal and a river in Riau Peatland, Indonesia, influenced by the seasons and the tides. DOM was measured by dissolved organic carbon (DOC) and UV254 absorbance. The presence of THMs and HAAs was determined based on total THM4 and HAA5 and correlated with chloride and bromide concentrations. The concentrations of chloride and bromide in the river water were higher than in the canal water because of tidal influence. Total THM4 in canal water reached 22.70 ± 0.90 and 10.78 ± 0.71 µg/L in the dry and rainy seasons, respectively, but only reached 16.64 ± 1.93 and 5.52 ± 0.05 µg/L in the river water. In contrast to THM4, total HAA5 in the river water was higher than in the canal water and reached 104.01 ± 4.67 and 106.39 ± 9.53 µg/L in the dry and rainy seasons, respectively, but only reached 9.83 ± 0.48 and 56.87 ± 6.11 µg/L in the river water. THM4 predominated in the dry season while HAA5 predominated in the rainy season

Biocolloid retention in partially saturated soils

Unsaturated soils are considered excellent filters for preventing the transport of pathogenic biocolloids to groundwater, but little is known about the actual mechanisms of biocolloid retention. To obtain a better understanding of these processes, a number of visualization experiments were performed and analyzed

TECHNOLOGY FOR IRON AND MANGANESE ION REMOVAL FROM GROUNDWATER: A REVIEW

High concentrations of iron and manganese often cause issues. Based on grab sampling results in West Java, the average value of Fe concentration in groundwater is 0.97 mg/l and 0.64 mg/l for Mn. The results exceeded quality standard limit of 0.3 mg/l for iron and 0.1 mg/l for manganese. From these conditions, technology to remove iron and manganese is needed. One of the process to remove iron and manganese is to adsorb the two compounds by filtration method. The filtration method utilized mordenite minerals contained in Sukabumi Green Natural Stone. This study had two types of adsorbents which were activated and natural. Besides, the batch process in this experiment offers a result that activated and natural mordenite were able in diminishing the concentration of Fe and Mn from groundwater. Generally, batch experiment processes rely on the initial concentration and detention time during the adsorption, the process then carried out using continuous experiment. The continuous experiment process indicates clogging, so that the efficiency of removal obtained decrease with the usage period of the adsorbent. Furthermore, regeneration is needed to make the lifetime of mineral be longer and can be reused. The regeneration method utilized chemical and biological regeneration

SUSTAINABLE REGENERATION OF MORDENITE MINERAL AS ION EXCHANGER FOR REMOVAL IRON AND MANGANESE IN GROUNDWATER

Access to clean water is a basic need for humans. At present, groundwater quality is a fundamental consideration factor in its utilization. Metal removal in groundwater with filtering techniques has been done quite a lot with various media, one of which is zeolite. However, the pore blockage often becomes a problem, so it inhibits the process and shortens the life of the stone in adsorbing iron and manganese, to overcome this problem regeneration is needed so that Mordenite can be reused. This research aims to study the method of regeneration chemically and biologically so as to improve the ability of Mordenite in removing iron and manganese by using a continuous bed reactor with an up-flow system for 60 minutes. Activation and regeneration of Mordenite from natural zeolite is carried out chemically using NH4Cl by immersion method, while biological regeneration is carried out by utilizes Thiobacillus ferrooxidans bacteria. The removal efficiency obtained will decrease as the adsorbent is used. Efforts to increase the adsorption capacity will continue to be carried out by giving chemical and biological regeneration. Furthermore, adsorption capacity and removal efficiency in each variation of Mordenite mineral adsorbents are included in the scope of the research

Characteristics and treatment methods for peat water as clean water sources: A mini review

Peatland is spread over the world providing unique organic-rich surface water. This product is called peat water, which is used as a clean source for drinking in several countries after the treatment, specifically in rural areas of Southeast Asia. Therefore, this research aimed to discuss the sources, characteristics, and available literature on peat water treatment (PWT). The results showed that the water contains hydrophobic high molecular weight natural organic matter (NOM) in form of humic and fulvic acids. These acid contaminants caused brownish color and acidic pH of the water. The performance of treatment processes such as filtration, adsorption, and ozonation also reduced the presence of NOM, while several chemical and physical parameters were discussed. Although reports regarding PWT were available, most of them only focused on the removal of standard physicochemical parameters such as color and pH. This was because there is still limited information on the removal of other parameters such as disinfection by-products (DBPs), organic matter fraction, and other emerging contaminants. Therefore, further investigation is needed on the PWT method as a source of clean water

Bioregeneration of saturated natural mordenite to reduce iron and manganese in groundwater

Significant improvement of technologies was developed to remove iron and manganese contamination from ground water. One of the technologies is the use of adsorbents but, recycling of used adsorbents is little to be done. Only a few researchers reported studies that highlighted on recovery of adsorbent through biological processes. In this study, bio-regeneration chosen as a technical approach to reduce the rate of waste generation from the saturated mordenite (adsorbent). The principle of bio-regeneration adopted the mechanism of desorption after the use of adsorbents by empowering single culture of microorganism. To determine its capacity, activated minerals mordenite were used to treat water containing 2.29 ppm of Iron and 2.47 ppm of manganese for the first stage (Pre bio-regeneration). This artificial iron and manganese contaminated solution was used as a representation of ground water in Bandung area. The reactor used have continuous stream with up-flow direction. Iron and manganese removal efficiency respectively in the 1st stage of adsorption (before bio-regeneration process) reaches 95% and 97%. After the 72 hour submergence process by cultivated Thiobacillus ferooxidan, ability of the adsorbent still fulfil the drinking water quality standard in Minister of Health Regulation No. 492 of 2010. The removal efficiency reached 85% for iron but not suitable for manganese which only reached 30% of removal. This bio-regeneration can be applied as much as 2 times rounds

Peat water treatment using oxidation and physical filtration system and its performance in reducing iron (Fe), turbidity, and color

This research was conducted to treat peat water using oxidation and physical filtration system. Initially, the characterization of peat water was determined by three parameters, including iron (Fe), turbidity, and color. These three parameters exhibited values that exceeded the water standard limit. This study used two samples consisting of high and low iron content. Both samples were treated using NaClO for the oxidation-catalytic process and Manganese sand for the filter. The trial time is 67 minutes by calculating the value of each parameter every 10 minutes. The result shows different performance in the sample with low iron and high iron. In the sample with low iron (0.32 mg/l), the efficiency of reducing iron is 65.62%, the efficiency of reducing turbidity is 78.95% and the efficiency of reducing color is 78.77%. The results obtained showed differences in samples with high iron (6.75 mg / l). Iron reduction efficiency is 29.17%, turbidity reduction efficiency is 69.05% and color reduction efficiency is 61.32%