Sr\u3csub\u3e3\u3c−3x\u3c/sub\u3eNa\u3csub\u3e3x\u3c/sub\u3eSi\u3csub\u3e3\u3c/sub\u3eO\u3csub\u3e9−1.5x\u3c/sub\u3e (x = 0.45) As a Superior Solid Oxide-Ion Electrolyte for Intermediate Temperature-Solid Oxide Fuel Cells

We here report that a newly discovered superior oxide-ion conductor Sr3−3xNa3xSi3O9−1.5x (x = 0.45) (SNS) demonstrates full potential to be a practical solid electrolyte for intermediate temperature-solid oxide fuel cells (IT-SOFCs). It exhibits the highest oxide-ion conductivity with the lowest activation energy among all the chemically stable solid oxide-ion conductors reported. The ionic conductivity is stable over a broad range of partial pressures of oxygen (10−30 to 1 atm) for an extended period of time. A SOFC based on a 294 μm thick SNS-electrolyte produces peak power densities of 431 and 213 mW cm−2 at 600 and 500 °C, respectively. Considering its competitive costs in materials and manufacturing and rare-earth free composition, SNS has great potential to become a new class of technologically and strategically important electrolytes for commercial IT-SOFCs

Can Silver Be a Reliable Current Collector for Electrochemical Tests?

The true functionality of a current collector employed in electrochemical cells is to ensure a low- resistance steady electrons flow between the cell and instrumentation without involving in any local electrochemical reactions of the electrode. In this study, we investigated the effect of curing temperature of a common current collector, silver, on the polarization area specific resistance (ASR) of a cathode. The results explicitly showed that at least one order of magnitude lower ASR for a cathode with Ag cured at 800°C than that cured at 650°C of the same cathode configuration. Microscopic analysis of the 800°C-cured cells revealed a deep penetration and abundant distribution of Ag into the cathode/electrolyte interfacial region. These finely dispersed and highly conductive Ag particles/agglomerates are ORR (oxygen reduction reaction)-active, thus engaging in the local electrochemical reaction and overshadowing the true properties of the cathode under investigation. Based on these results, we call for caution when using Ag as a current collector for electrochemical measurements, particularly at a temperature ≥650°C

Enhanced Reversibility and Durability of a Solid Oxide Fe–Air Redox Battery by Carbothermic Reaction Derived Energy Storage Materials

The recently developed solid oxide metal–air redox battery is a new technology capable of high-rate chemistry. Here we report that the performance, reversibility and stability of a solid oxide iron–air redox battery can be significantly improved by nanostructuring energy storage materials from a carbothermic reaction

The Different Effects of Benign Versus Malicious Envy on Self-Control

This research hypothesizes that benign envy, as compared to malicious envy, heightens people's private self-awareness, which in turn leads to improved self-control and greater consistency in sequential choice. Results from four experiments provide support for our predictions, contributing to the small but growing literature on consumer envy

Cyclic Durability of a Solid Oxide Fe-Air Redox Battery Operated at 650°C

The recently developed rechargeable solid oxide metal-air redox battery has shown a great potential for applications in mid- to large-scale stationary energy storage. Cyclic durability is one of the most important requirements for stationary energy storage. In this study, we report the cyclic durability of a solid oxide Fe-air redox battery operated at 650°C. The battery was continuously cycled 100 times under a current density of 50 mA/cm2 with rather flat performance, producing an average specific energy of 760 Wh/kg-Fe at a round-trip efficiency of 55.5%. The post-test examination indicated that the performance losses could arise from the fuel-electrode of the battery

Cyclic Durability of a Solid Oxide Fe-Air Redox Battery Operated at 650°C

The recently developed rechargeable solid oxide metal-air redox battery has shown a great potential for applications in mid- to large-scale stationary energy storage. Cyclic durability is one of the most important requirements for stationary energy storage. In this study, we report the cyclic durability of a solid oxide Fe-air redox battery operated at 650◦C. The battery was continuously cycled 100 times under a current density of 50 mA/cm2 with rather flat performance, producing an average specific energy of 760 Wh/kg-Fe at a round-trip efficiency of 55.5%. The post-test examination indicated that the performance losses could arise from the fuel-electrode of the battery