Selection of Final Items through Reliability Analysis on Subscales.

<p>Selection of Final Items through Reliability Analysis on Subscales.</p

Regression coefficients of observable variables regarding each factor.

<p>1, Disturbance of Adaptive Functions; 2, Virtual Life Orientation; 3, Withdrawal; 4, Tolerance; 5, Mental Health Problems Scale.</p><p>***<i>p</i> < 0.001.</p

Correlation analyses between SAPS and KS-II.

<p>1, Disturbance of Adaptive Functions; 2, Virtual Life Orientation; 3, Withdrawal; 4, Tolerance; 5, Total Score.</p

Correlation analysis between SAPS and the Mental Health Problems Scale.

<p>1, Disturbance of Adaptive Functions; 2, Virtual Life Orientation; 3, Withdrawal; 4, Tolerance; 5, Mental Health Problems Scale.</p

Final Items.

<p>* Reverse-coded items.</p

Combined Analysis of Stable Isotope, ¹H NMR, and Fatty Acid To Verify Sesame Oil Authenticity

The aim of this study was to verify the authenticity of sesame oils using combined analysis of stable isotope ratio, ¹H NMR spectroscopy, and fatty acid profiles of the oils. Analytical data were obtained from 35 samples of authentic sesame oils and 29 samples of adulterated sesame oils currently distributed in Korea. The orthogonal projection to latent structure discriminant analysis technique was used to select variables that most effectively verify the sesame oil authenticity. The variables include δ¹³C value, integration values of NMR peaks that signify the CH₃ of n-3 fatty acids, CH₂ between two CC, protons from sesamin/sesamolin, and 18:1n-9, 18:3n-3, 18:2<i>t</i>, and 18:3<i>t</i> content values. The authenticity of 65 of 70 blind samples was correctly verified by applying the range of the eight variables found in the authentic sesame oil samples, suggesting that triple analysis is a useful approach to verify sesame oil authenticity

What Are the Major Determinants in the Success of Smoking Cessation: Results from the Health Examinees Study

<div><p>Understanding mechanisms underlying smoking-related factors should be prioritized in establishing smoking prevention and cessation policy. The aim of this study was to identify factors significantly associated with smoking initiation and/or smoking cessation as well as the most important determinants of successful smoking cessation in a developed non-Western setting. Based on multiple logistic regression models, the odds ratios (ORs) for smoking initiation and cessation were estimated among males (<i>N</i> = 24,490) who had participated in the Health Examinees (HEXA) study. The Cox proportional hazards regression model was used to assess the association between selected predictors of smoking cessation and the likelihood of reaching this goal. Finally, Kaplan–Meier curves were constructed to illustrate the distribution of time from age at smoking initiation to age at smoking cessation. We found that the ORs for successfully quitting smoking increased with age, married status, educational achievement, having a non-manual job, drinking cessation and disease morbidity. Those exposed to secondhand smoking showed less likelihood of quitting smoking. A continual decrease in the ORs for successfully quitting smoking was observed according to increased smoking duration, smoking dose per day and lifetime tobacco exposure (<i>p</i>_trend <0.001). Among the selected predictors, lifetime tobacco exposure, educational attainment, alcohol drinking status and birth cohort were the major determinants in the success of smoking cessation. Our findings suggest that lifetime tobacco exposure, educational attainment, alcohol drinking status and birth cohort can determine success in smoking cessation. Public interventions promoting a smoke-free environment are needed to reinforce discouraging the initiation of, reducing, and quitting cigarette smoking.</p></div

Odds ratios (95% confidence intervals) comparing those who initiate smoking with never smokers: non-smokers <i>vs</i>. ever smokers.

<p>Odds ratios (95% confidence intervals) comparing those who initiate smoking with never smokers: non-smokers <i>vs</i>. ever smokers.</p

Smoking-related history according to birth cohorts.

<p>Black circles represent on-going smokers and white circles represent quitters who continued to be non-smokers for at least two years or more.</p

Kaplan–Meier estimates for successful smoking cessation according to the selected predictors.

<p>In the restricted analysis with quitters who continued to be non-smokers for at least two years or more and on-going smokers.</p