Effect of Increasing Ar+ Ion Dosage on the Growth Process of Carbon Nanotubes From Nanocomposite Fe-c

A study on the effect of Ar+ ion dose in the growth process of Carbon Nanotubes (CNT) of nanocomposite Fe-C with ion implantation technique has been carried out. Compaction of Fe-C as a target in producing nanocomposite Fe-C thin film was composed of nanocomposite Fe-C powder, which is prepared through milling process by High Energy Milling (HEM) technique for 50 hours. The morphology of milled Fe-C powder was observed by SEM to determine the particle size. Furthermore, the milled Fe-C powder was compacted to be used as target for DC-Sputtering technique. Formed Fe-C thin film then was implanted by Ar+ ion with argon gas as an ion source at the doses between 5 x 1015 to 1 x 1017 ions/cm2. Next, the phase of Fe-C thin film was identified by XRD, and the cross section was observed by SEM. The result of XRD after implantation showed the reduction of diffraction peak intensity with the increasing of Ar + ion dose. The result of SEM showed that particle of Fe-C powder was in nano order size. From SEM also showed the uneven surface, this unevenness became clearly with the increasing of dose, and the formation of CNTs on the surface of thin film was also exhibited

Growth of Carbon Nanotube by Applying Ion Implantation Technique

The use of ion implantation technique for growing carbon nanotubes (CNT) has been studied. Implantation technique with its high and focused energy is used for implanting Ni+ ion, which can act as catalyst for CNT growth. CNT was grown by implantation of Ar(sup>+ and Ni+ ion to the nanostructured carbon thin film that were deposited on Si(100) substrate. The dose of ion implantation parameter was varied between 5 x 1015 to 1 x 1017 ion/cm2. After implantation, the phase identification by X-Ray diffraction (XRD) and observations of surface and cross section morphology of samples by Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) in order to investigate the growth of CNT were carried out. The XRD analysis shows the peak of C(002), Ni(010) and Si(100) on the C/Si thin film samples after ion implantation, which indicate the carbon filmstill in a crystalline structure. The peak of Ni(010) is slightly decreased with the increasing of ion dose. The observation by SEM shows that the greater the dose of implants, the more unflat surface found on a thin film.While from the observation of cross section, it was indicated that the higher dose implants, more clearly the growth of CNTs on the surface of C/Si thin film. CNT is predicted to grow as a result of interaction between ion radiations with carbon, leading to the formation of CNTs

Growth of Carbon Nanotubes with Milling Technique Using Fe as a Catalyst.

Growing of carbon nanotubes (CNT) with a milling technique using particles Fe as grower catalyst has been done. Fe-C nano-sized powder mixture are prepared froma mixture of micron-sized graphite and Fe powders in a variety of weight percent Fe (1% to 5% by weight Fe), and then milled for 50 hours using a High Energy Milling (HEM) facility. X-ray diffraction pattern shows the presence of C (002), C (004) and C (110) peaks and Fe peaks of (101) and (200). Carbon peaks decrease in intensity with increasing wt%Fe and tend to becoming amorphous, while Fe peaks sharply increasing. Microstructure observation by TEM showed an initial growth of CNTs with dimensions affected by Fe content. The sample, containing 2%Fe, formed CNT structure better than other samples. CNT formation was also confirmed fromthe Raman spectrum showing the presence of the G-band at 1590 cm-1 and D-band peak at 1310 cm-1 with and D-band intensity, ID higher than IG and absence of RBM-band peak at low wave numbers. This condition is a typical spectrum for a material having a Multi Wall Carbon Nanotube (MWCNT) structure. The highest ratio of ID/IG for 2% Fe sample support the analysis of CNT-dimension from Transmission Electron Microscope (TEM) observation. In general, the data obtained in this study showed that Fe can serve as a catalyst for CNT growth

Analisis Karakteristik Pohon Dan Sarang Orangutan Sumatera (Pongo Abelii) Di Bukit Lawang Kabupaten Langkat (Analysis of the Trees and Nest Characteristics of Sumatran Orangutan (Pongo Abelii) in Bukit Lawang, Langkat District)

Research on "Analysis of the Trees and Nest Characteristics of Sumatran Orangutan (Pongo abelii) in Bukit Lawang Langkat District" was conducted in July until September 2012 at Pusat Pengamatan Orangutan Sumatera (PPOS) in Bukit Lawang, Bahorok, Langkat District. This study aims to investigate the characteristics of the nest tree and Sumatran Orangutan (Pongo abelii) based on age level and gender. Research method used line transect and focal animal sampling. Some characteristics of the Orangutans trees most often found in meranti trees (Shorea sp.) as Orangutans nest and feed, with hight 20-25 m, diameter 20-30 cm, branch pattern is adjacent and type of canofy is spherical, nest high 16-25 m. The position of the nest is most commonly found nesting in position III and nest type is B. There are differences and similarities between Orangutan who were subjected to experiments in determining the type of nest trees, nest trees high, nest trees diameter, nest high and position of nest. Keyword: Nest, Pongo abelii, Shorea sp., Sumateran Orangutans Trees and nest characteristic. Analisis Karakteristik Pohon dan Sarang Orangutan Sumatera (Pongo abelii) di Bukit Lawang Kabupaten Langkat Analysis of the Trees and Nest Characteristics of Sumatran Orangutan (Pongo abelii) in Bukit Lawang, Langkat Distric

Pemanfaatan Berbagai Jenis Fungi Untuk Meningkatkan Pertumbuhan Rhizophora Apiculatadi Desa Nelayan Indah Kecamatan Medan Labuhan

Mangrove rehabilitation is one of effort to save mangrove forest. Utilization of fungi as decomposer support to increase the plantation growth for rehabilitation. Fungi as microorganism may reduct material organic. The research gives information about the fungi species in which to increase the growth of R. apiculata seedlings and can be used in rehabilitation of mangrove forest. The study was conducted from September 2014 to January 2015 using a completely randomized design (CRD) with treatment application types of fungi and five replications. There are three types of fungi namely A. flavus, A.terreus, T. harzianum, and control. Utilization of T. harzianum treatment gave the best results of R. apiculata seedlings, with an average height of 17.00 cm, diameter of 0.69 cm, leaf area of 743.36 cm2, total dry weight of 29.64 g. Compared to the control with average height of 7.36 cm, 0.54 cm of diameter, leaf area of 653.31 cm2, and 27.37 g of total dry weight

Kelimpahan dan Pola Pertumbuhan Kepiting Bakau (Scylla Serrata) di Hutan Mangrove Kelurahan Belawan Sicanang, Kecamatan Medan Belawan, Provinsi Sumatera Utara

Kepiting bakau (Scylla serrata) merupakan salah satu spesies kunci dalam ekosistem mangrove yang memegang peranan yang sangat penting. Hutan mangrove yang ada di Kelurahan Belawan Sicanang sudah banyak mengalami konversi lahan seperti tambak dan pemukiman. Kondisi ini menyebabkan terjadinya penurunan kualitas habitat dan penurunan populasi untuk sumberdaya kepiting bakau akibat terjadinya kerusakan daerah asuhan dan mencari makan biota ini. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui kondisi ekologi mangrove, untuk mengetahui kelimpahan kepiting bakau (Scylla serrata), untuk mengetahui pertumbuhan kepiting bakau (Scylla serrata) di Hutan Mangrove Kelurahan Belawan Sicanang Kecamatan Medan Belawan Provinsi Sumatera Utara. Penelitian berlangsung pada Mei - Juni 2016. Metode yang digunakan dalam penentuan lokasi adalah purposive sampling dan dibagi menjadi 3 stasiun berdasarkan aktivitas yang berbeda. Struktur populasi kepiting bakau (Scylla serrata) ditinjau dari kelimpahan kepiting bakau (Scylla serrata), hubungan lebar karapas dengan bobot tubuh, pola pertumbuhan, dan faktor kondisi. Kualitas habitat kepiting bakau (Scylla serrata) dilihat dari kualitas air, tekstur substrat, C-organik, dan pasang surut. Hasil menunjukkan bahwa kelimpahan kepiting bakau (Scylla serrata) 16300 - 17000 ind/ha, dengan pola pertumbuhan allometrik negatif (b<3), faktor kondisi berkisar antara 0 - 1 yang tergolong ke dalam pipih atau tidak gemuk. Kualitas air dan substrat yang dikaji termasuk ke dalam kualitas air yang menunjang kehidupan kepiting bakau (Scylla serrata), tekstur substrat yaitu lempung berpasir dan lempung liat berpasir, serta C-organik < 1% tergolong sangat rendah, dimana tipe pasang surutnya adalah mixed prevailing semidiurnal.Mangrove crab (Scylla serrata) is one of the keystone species in the mangrove ecosystem, which had a very important role. Mangrove forests existed in Village Belawan Sicanang have been many experienced land conversion as embankment and settlements. These conditions led to degradation in habitat quality and population decline for mangrove crab due to the occurrence of the damage to the nursery ground and the feeding ground. The research aimed to determine abundance mangrove crabs and to determine the growth of mangrove crab. The research took place in May - June 2016. The method used in the determination of the location is purposive sampling and divided into 3 stations based on different activities. The mangrove crab population structure in terms of the abundance of mangrove crab, carapace width relation with body weight, growth pattern, and factor condition. The quality habitat mangrove crab viewed the water quality, the substrate texture, C-organic, and tides. The results showed that the growth pattern was negative allometric (b < 3), factor condition ranges between 0 - 1 which classified into flat or not fat. The water quality and substrate were assessed included in the water quality that supported life mangrove crab, the substrate texture was sandy loam and sandy clay loam, C-organic classified < 1% was very low, the type of tides was mixed semidiurnal prevailing

Inventarisasi Tumbuhan Anggrek Di Kawasan Suaka Margasatwa Siranggas Kabupaten Pakpak Bharat (Inventory of Orchids in Siranggas Wildlife Pakpak Bharat)

Indonesia\u27s tropical forests is one of the richest in natural resources of orchids. North Sumatra is a suitable place for growing orchids. This study aims to inventory the orchids based on altitude in Siranggas Wildlife Kecupak I Village, Pergetteng-getteng Sengkut Subdistrick, Pakpak Bharat. Plots were determined by purposive sampling. The Observation of vegetation used line plot transect which divided in 3 locations with different altitude interval : 800 – 900 meter above sea level (m asl), 1.000 – 1.100 m asl and 1.200 – 1.300 m asl, measuring plot 20 m x 100 m, divided in to 5 subplots measuring 20 m x 20 m. The result found 54 species of orchids at Siranggas Wildlife from 21 genus, which there were 15 species of terrestrial orchids, 37 species of epiphytic orchids and 2 species os saprophyte. The highest of important value index (IVI) was 41,722% on Dendrobium tertraedre and the lowest was 0,884% on Vanilla sp. 1, Vanilla sp. 3 and Phaius sp 1