Structural Insights of Four Thermal Dissolution Products of a Lignite by Using In-Source Collision-Activated Dissociation Mass Spectrometry

<p>Structural Insights of Four Thermal Dissolution Products of a Lignite by using In-Source Collision-Activated Dissociation Mass Spectrometry </p

Additional file 2 of Dynamic transcriptome and network-based analysis of yellow leaf mutant Ginkgo biloba

Additional file 2. Transcription Factors annotation

Additional file 1 of Dynamic transcriptome and network-based analysis of yellow leaf mutant Ginkgo biloba

Additional file 1: Table S1. Summary of the sequencing and mapping results. Table S2. The number of differentially expressed genes in the wild type (WT) and Wannianjin (YL). Table S3. The Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) annotation of differently expressed genes in chlorophyll metabolism. Table S4. The Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) annotation of differently expressed genes in photosynthesis. Table S5. The Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) annotation of differently expressed genes in carotenoid metabolism. Table S6. Quantitative real-time PCR primers of differentially expressed genes. Fig. S1. The differentially expressed genes between wild type (WT) and Wannianjin (YL) at the spring, summer, and autumn stages, respectively. Fig. S2. The most enriched Gene Ontology terms of differentially expressed genes between wild type (WT) and Wannianjin (YL) at the spring, summer, and autumn stages, respectively. Fig. S3. The Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) annotation of differentially expressed genes between wild type (WT) and Wannianjin (YL) at the spring, summer, and autumn stages, respectively

Sequential Extraction and Thermal Dissolution of Baiyinhua Lignite in Isometric CS₂/Acetone and Toluene/Methanol Binary Solvents

Baiyinhua lignite (BL) was sequentially extracted and thermally dissolved in isometric CS₂/acetone and toluene/methanol binary solvents to obtain an extract in isometric CS₂/acetone (E_ICA) and a soluble portion (SP) in isometric toluene/methanol (SP_ITM). The yields of E_ICA and SP_ITM are notably higher than the total extract yield from sequential extraction with CS₂ and acetone (or acetone and CS₂) and the total SP yield from sequential thermal dissolution in toluene and methanol (or methanol and toluene), indicating that there exists an obvious synergic effect between CS₂ and acetone during the extraction and between toluene and methanol during the thermal dissolution. E_ICA and SP_ITM mainly consist of hydrocarbons and oxygen-containing organic species, respectively. Little difference in Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy spectra of BL and its extraction residue was observed, while the intensities of absorbances assigned to the phenolic OH, CO, and C–O/C–O–C groups of the thermal dissolution residue are obviously lower than those of BL and its extraction residue. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy analysis shows that C–O/C–O–C groups in BL remarkably decreased after thermal dissolution, corresponding to the abundant phenols dissolved in SP_ITM. The difference in weight loss between BL and its extraction residue is close to the yield of E_ICA, while the difference in weight loss between extraction and thermal dissolution residues is significantly lower than the yield of SP_ITM

Sequential Thermal Dissolution of Huolinguole Lignite in Methanol and Ethanol

Sequential Thermal Dissolution of Huolinguole Lignite in Methanol and Ethano

Decreased Core-Fucosylation Contributes to Malignancy in Gastric Cancer

<div><p>The object of the study is to identify N-glycan profiling changes associated with gastric cancer and explore the impact of core-fucosylation on biological behaviors of human gastric cancer cells. A total of 244 subjects including gastric cancer, gastric ulcer and healthy control were recruited. N-glycan profiling from serum and total proteins in gastric tissues was analyzed by DNA sequencer-assisted fluorophore-assisted capillary electrophoresis. The abundance of total core-fucosylated residues and the expression of enzymes involved in core-fucosylation were analyzed with lectin blot, quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction, western blot, Immunohistochemical staining and lectin-histochemical staining. The recombinant plasmids of GDP-fucose transporter and α-1,6-fucosyltransferase (Fut8) were constructed and transfected into gastric cancer cell lines BGC-823 and SGC-7901. CCK-8 and wound healing assay were used to assess the functional impact of core-fucosylation modulation on cell proliferation and migration. Characteristic serum N-glycan profiles were found in gastric cancer. Compared with the healthy control, a trianntenary structure abundance, peak 9 (NA3Fb), was increased significantly in gastric cancer, while the total abundance of core-fucosylated residues (sumfuc) was decreased. Core-fucosylated structures, peak6(NA2F) and peak7(NA2FB) were deceased in gastric tumor tissues when compared with that in adjacent non-tumor tissues. Consistently, lens culinaris agglutinin (LCA)-binding proteins were decreased significantly in sera of gastric cancer, and protein level of Fut8 was decreased significantly in gastric tumor tissues compared with that in adjacent non-tumor tissues. Upregulation of GDP-Tr and Fut8 could inhibit proliferation, but had no significant influence on migration of BGC-823 and SGC-7901 cells. Core-fucosylation is down regulated in gastric cancer. Upregulation of core-fucosylation could inhibit proliferation of the human gastric cancer cells.</p></div

Characterizations of the Extracts from Geting Bituminous Coal by Spectrometries

Geting bituminous coal (GBC) was sequentially extracted with petroleum ether, carbon disulfide (CDS), methanol, acetone, and isometric CDS/acetone mixed solvent at room temperature to afford extracts 1–5 (E₁–E₅) and residue. Detailed characterizations of the extracts were performed with a gas chromatography/mass spectrometer (GC/MS), Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectrometer, and direct analysis in real-time ionization source (DARTIS) coupled to an ion-trap mass spectrometer (ITMS). GBC and its residue were also analyzed with the FTIR spectrometer. Particle sizes of the residue were significantly reduced compared to those of GBC according to the observation with a scanning electron microscope. Arenes with 1–4 rings and more condensed arenes were enriched into E₁ and E₂, respectively, while more heteroatom-containing organic species were detected in other extracts, especially in E₃ and E₄ according to GC/MS analysis. The extracts, especially E₁–E₄, contain more aliphatic moieties and less aromatic moieties compared to GBC and its residue based on FTIR analysis. DARTIS/ITMS proved to be a powerful tool for analyzing thermally labile and/or involatile species, which are difficult to be identified with GC/MS, in the extracts

Structural Features of Extraction Residues from Supercritical Methanolysis of Two Chinese Lignites

The methanol-insoluble portions from supercritical methanolysis of Shengli lignite (SL) and Huolinguole lignite (HL) were extracted with an isometric carbon disulfide/acetone mixed solvent under ultrasonic irradiation to afford extracts and extraction residues (ERs). The ERs were subjected to ruthenium-ion-catalyzed oxidation, and soluble portions were separated from the reaction mixture and esterified. The resulting products were analyzed with a gas chromatography/mass spectrometer and atmospheric solids analysis probe/time-of-flight mass spectrometer to reveal structural features of heavy species in the two lignites. The results show that the ER from SL is richer in highly condensed aromatic species than that from HL, while both ERs have the same carbon number range (C₉–C₂₄) of alkyl groups with the highest content at C₁₅ on aromatic rings and the same distribution of alkylene bridges (C₂–C₂₀) connecting aromatic rings with a higher abundance of shorter linkages than that of longer linkages

Immunohistochemical staining with Fut8 and lectin-histochemical staining with LCA in typical gastric tumor tissues and adjacent non-tumor tissues.

<p>(A) Immunohistochemical staining with Fut8 in tumor cells (200×), the expression of Fut8 is weakly positive. (B) Immunohistochemical staining with Fut8 in non-tumor gastric cells (200×), the expression of Fut8 is strongly positive. (C) Lectin-histochemical staining with LCA in tumor cells, bar 75 µm, the expression of LCA-binding core-fucosylated proteins is weakly positive. (D) Lectin-histochemical staining with LCA in non-tumor gastric cells, bar 75 µm, the expression of core-fucosylated proteins is strongly positive.</p

N-glycome analysis in digestive system cancers

<p>N-glycome analysis in digestive system cancers</p