Antioxidant Activity of Intramolecularly Hydrogen Bonded 2-Aminophenol

The antioxidant activities of five classes of 2-aminophenol (model compound) and 2-aminophenols with substituent at the phenyl ring were studied in the oxidation of tetralin induced by an azo-initiator at 61℃. 2-Aminophenols with electron-donating groups at the 4-position exhibited higher antioxidant activity than that of the model compound. However, introduction of the methoxy group at the 4-position reduced the antioxidant activity by 8 % that of the model compound. 2-Aminophenols with electron-donating groups at the 5-position have little effect on the antioxidant activity. 2-Aminophenols with electron-donating groups at both the 4- and 6-positions showed remarkable antioxidant activity. These results were discussed in terms of the hydrogen bonding effect and bond dissociation energies of the O-H and NH-H bonds

Memory and it’s deformation of dotted sequence by university students

本研究は，大学生を対象に，短い旋律を記憶再認する際にどのようなリズム変容がおこるのか信号検出理論に則って検討したものである。実験に用いた旋律は，リズム（等拍・ぴょんこ）×歌詞（促音，撥音，拗音を含んだもの・促音，撥音，拗音を含まないもの）×歌詞のイメージ（動的・静的）×旋律構造（順次進行・跳躍進行）に配慮して作成した６種類の新規旋律である。実験１では音楽専攻学生と非音楽専攻学生を対象とした再認実験を，実験２では音楽専攻学生を対象に直後再認と遅延再認実験を実施した。実験１の結果から音楽専攻学生の方が非音楽専攻学生に比べて強い確信度を保持し高い正答率を獲得していること，両者とも「ぴょんこ」リズムの記憶が等拍リズムよりも不安定であることが明らかにされた。実験２の結果からは，直後再認の結果が遅延再認の結果を上回ること，直後再認時の「ぴょんこ」リズムの記憶が等拍リズムよりもきわめて不安定であることが認められた。音楽専攻の有無に関わらず，等拍リズムに比べて「ぴょんこ」リズムの記憶がかなり曖昧になることから，我が国の明治後期以降の唱歌調全盛期にみられる唱歌のリズム変容との関わりが，示唆された

Acoustic features and evaluation of singing production by nursery school teachers (I)

本研究は，幼稚園や保育園・所などの保育現場で歌われる保育者の歌声を採取し，印象評 価実験と音響分析により，どのような歌声が保育現場にふさわしいのか検討したものである。 音圧，ピッチ，フォルマントの各音響特徴と照らし合わせたところ，安定した基本周波数や ３～４kHz 付近の明確なスペクトルピーク，緩やかな音圧の推移が「美しい」印象を与え ていること，第３フォルマントと第４フォルマントの接近の有無，高周波数帯域でのエネル ギーの濃淡が，個性的な声質に影響を与えていることが示唆された。さらに大学生が判断す る「良い」声と，子どもたちが「歌ってほしい」声との間にかなりの共通点が認められた。 保育者の歌声に関して偏ったプロトタイプが形成されることのないよう，保育現場でのお手 本のあり方について慎重を期すべきであるとの提案をおこなった

A Rat Model of Mild Intrauterine Hypoperfusion with Microcoil Stenosis

International audienceIntrauterine hypoperfusion/ischemia is one of the major causes of intrauterine/fetal growth restriction, preterm birth, and low birth weight. Most studies of this phenomenon have been performed in either models with severe intrauterine ischemia or models with gradient degree of intrauterine hypoperfusion. No study has been performed in a model on uniform mild intrauterine hypoperfusion (MIUH). Two models have been used for studies of MIUH: a model based on suture ligation of either side of the arterial arcade formed with the uterine and ovarian arteries, and a transient model based on clipping the bilateral ovarian arteries and aorta having patency. Those two rodent models of MIUH have some limitations, e.g., not all fetuses are subjected to MIUH, depending on their position in the uterine horn. In our MIUH model, all fetuses are subjected to a comparable level of intrauterine hypoperfusion. MIUH was achieved by mild stenosis of all four arteries feeding the uterus, i.e., the bilateral uterine and ovarian arteries. Arterial stenosis was induced by metal microcoils wrapped around the feeding arteries. Producing arterial stenosis with microcoils allowed us to control, optimize, and reproduce decreased blood flow with very little inter-animal variability and a low mortality rate, thus enabling accurate evaluation. When microcoils with an inner diameter of 0.24 mm were used, the blood flow in both the placenta and fetus was mildly decreased (approximately 30% from the pre-stenosis level in the placenta). The offspring of our MIUH model clearly demonstrates long-lasting alterations in neurological, neuroanatomical and behavioral test results

Efficient establishment of pure cultures of yellow chanterelle Cantharellus anzutake from ectomycorrhizal root tips, and morphological characteristics of ectomycorrhizae and cultured mycelium

ArticleMycoscience. 60(1): 45-53. (2019)journal articl

Donor mesenchymal stem cells trigger chronic graft-versus-host disease following minor antigen-mismatched bone marrow transplantation

Chronic graft-versus-host disease (cGVHD) is a complication after minor antigen mismatched bone marrow transplantation (BMT) characterized by an autoimmune-type reaction in various organs. Aberration in T cell regulation is involved, with donor mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) playing a possible role in immunomodulation. In a minor-antigen mismatched mouse BMT model, transplantation of mismatched, but not syngeneic MSCs triggered the onset of cGVHD, and was associated with fibrosis, increased IL-6 secretion, decreased Foxp3+ regulatory T cells and increased Th17 in the peripheral blood. Mismatched MSCs alone were sufficient to induce cGVHD, while removal of donor MSCs rescued mice from cGVHD. RAG2 knockout recipient mice did not suffer cGVHD, indicating that host T cells were involved. Residual host-derived T cells were significantly higher in cGVHD patients compared to non-cGVHD patients. In conclusion, donor MSCs react with residual host T cells to trigger the progression of cGVHD

Group cognitive behavior therapy for Japanese patients with social anxiety disorder: Preliminary outcomes and their predictors

© 2007 Chen et al; licensee BioMed Central Ltd. This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.Background A number of studies have provided strong evidence for the use of cognitive behavior therapy (CBT) in the treatment of social anxiety disorder (SAD). However, all of the previous reports were from Europe and North America and it is unknown whether Western psychological therapies are effective for SAD in non-Western cultures. The present pilot study aimed to evaluate CBT program for SAD which was originally developed for Western patients, among Japanese patients. Methods Fifty-seven outpatients who participated in group CBT for SAD were evaluated using eight self-reported and one clinician-administered questionnaires to measure various aspects of SAD symptomatology at the beginning and at the end of the program. Pre- and post-treatment scores were compared and the magnitude of treatment effect was quantified as well based once on the intention-to-treat (ITT) and once among the completers only. We also examined baseline predictors of the CBT outcomes. Results Seven patients (12%) did not complete the program. For the ITT sample, the percentage of reduction was 20% to 30% and the pre to post treatment effect sizes ranged from 0.37 to 1.01. Among the completers, the respective figures were 20% to 33% and 0.41 to 1.19. We found no significant pretreatment predictor of the outcomes. Conclusion Group CBT for SAD is acceptable and can bring about a similar degree of symptom reduction among Japanese patients with SAD as among Western patients

Generation of Stratified Squamous Epithelial Progenitor Cells from Mouse Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells

Background: Application of induced pluripotent stem (iPS) cells in regenerative medicine will bypass ethical issues associated with use of embryonic stem cells. In addition, patient-specific IPS cells can be useful to elucidate the pathophysiology of genetic disorders, drug screening, and tailor-made medicine. However, in order to apply iPS cells to mitotic tissue, induction of tissue stem cells that give rise to progeny of the target organ is required. Methodology/Principal Findings: We induced stratified epithelial cells from mouse iPS cells by co-culture with PA6 feeder cells (SDIA-method) with use of BMP4. Clusters of cells positive for the differentiation markers KRT1 or KRT12 were observed in KRT14-positive colonies. We successfully cloned KRT14 and p63 double-positive stratified epithelial progenitor cells from iPS-derived epithelial cells, which formed stratified epithelial sheets consisting of five- to six-polarized epithelial cells in vitro. When these clonal cells were cultured on denuded mouse corneas, a robust stratified epithelial layer was observed with physiological cell polarity including high levels of E-cadherin, p63 and K15 expression in the basal layer and ZO-1 in the superficial layer, recapitulating the apico-basal polarity of the epithelium in vivo. Conclusions/Significance: These results suggest that KRT14 and p63 double-positive epithelial progenitor cells can b

男子大学生の居住形態が野菜摂取量に及ぼす影響

A questionnaire and interviews were conducted with male university students to study the relationship between their living styles and vegetable intake. Results from previous research and this study were compared; both in 1996 and 2014 showed that those living at home ate more bright red, green or yellow vegetables and light color vegetables than those living away from home. The 2014 students, when compared to the 1996 students, revealed increases in rarely eating vegetables, 25% among those living at home, and 55% among those living away from home. Also, 2014 students living away from home who rarely eat vegetables rose to 80%. Students who made their own meals rarely ate vegetables. Among students who ate out, 27% ate vegetables while the others need to consciously choose to eat vegetables. 　When students proceed on to university their living styles change and 90% are living by themselves. Students living away from home skip meals and vegetable intake is low, therefore the frequency of well-balanced meals is low. Thus, nutritional education needs to respond to various living styles