Identity and differences : the role of memory, narrative, and history in personal identity

EThOS - Electronic Theses Online ServiceGBUnited Kingdo

Survey on Japanese University Students' Learning Experiences with ICT and Open Sources for International Collaboration

Abstract: The purpose of this research is to report university students' learning experiences with information communication technology (ICT) and open educational sources (OES) for global learning in Japan. The survey of 327 Japanese university students included seven multiple-choice items and 16 open-ended questions about students' learning experiences. The results showed that the most frequent use of ICT, including computer-mediated communication, is a discussion function of Blackboard for formal collaborative learning and LINE for informal learning. Learning with OES is less popular; only one student had taken a two-month course via YouTube provided by a Japanese university, and only two students had learned with foreign students online. The students' preferred activities for future international collaborative learning included project-based learning, casual chats and conversation, discussion, and e-mail exchange. Favored topics were ones related to their majors, international situations, the environment, cultural differences, and school life. Language proficiency, communication, cultural differences, and values and beliefs caused the most anxiety and concern for international collaboration, but the time gap, legal issues, and infrastructure were also considered

Overexpression of Activation-Induced Cytidine Deaminase in MTX- and Age-Related Epstein-Barr Virus-Associated B-Cell Lymphoproliferative Disorders of the Head and Neck

Recent research has shown that activation-induced cytidine deaminase (AID) triggers somatic hypermutation and recombination, in turn contributing to lymphomagenesis. Such aberrant AID expression is seen in B-cell leukemia/lymphomas, including Burkitt lymphoma which is associated with c-myc translocation. Moreover, Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) latent membrane protein-1 (LMP-1) increases genomic instability through early growth transcription response-1 (Egr-1) mediated upregulation of AID in B-cell lymphoma. However, few clinicopathological studies have focused on AID expression in lymphoproliferative disorders (LPDs). Therefore, we conducted an immunohistochemical study to investigate the relationship between AID and LMP-1 expression in LPDs (MTX-/Age-related EBV-associated), including diffuse large B-cell lymphomas (DLBCLs). More intense AID expression was detected in LPDs (89.5%) than in DLBCLs (20.0%), and the expression of LMP-1 and EBER was more intense in LPDs (68.4% and 94.7%) than in DLBCLs (10.0% and 20.0%). Furthermore, stronger Egr-1 expression was found in MTX/Age-EBV-LPDs (83.3%) than in DLBCLs (30.0%). AID expression was significantly constitutively overexpressed in LPDs as compared with DLBCLs. These results suggest that increased AID expression in LPDs may be one of the processes involved in lymphomagenesis, thereby further increasing the survival of genetically destabilized B-cells. AID expression may be a useful indicator for differentiation between LPDs and DLBCLs