Smart Triboelectric Nanogenerators Toward Human-Oriented Technologies: Health Monitoring, Wound Healing, Drug Delivery

Advanced biotechnologies applying electricity to the human body have been studied and developed for a long time since their first invention, but these technologies still have explicit limitations that block their practical application to humans. In these circumstances, the triboelectric nanogenerator (TENG) has emerged as a breakthrough in the biotechnology field with its intrinsic advantages. In this review, the authors provide an overview of the current development of TENGs for human-oriented technologies. The authors begin with a brief explanation of the TENG mechanism and present detailed reasons why it has become a focal point in these fields. Then, there are clear explanations of the TENG applicable mechanism in the field of health monitoring, wound healing, and drug delivery. After each explanation, related research and materials are covered in full detail, and all relevant research information is listed in the table. Finally, challenges and perspectives will be discussed for each part\u27s future studies

Growth Mechanism of Lithium Clusters on the Surface of Porous Carbon Framework for Lithium Metal Batteries

Carbon-based frameworks as a metallic lithium (Li) host have been widely developed to overcome the drawbacks associated with bare Li metal anode. Achieving a complete understanding of the growth mechanism of the Li clusters in the carbon host remains controversial, however, and requires determining the factors involved and their clear causes. Herein, we have carried out density functional theory calculations to predict the growth mechanism of Li clusters by employing different heteroatoms (pyridinic N, pyrrolic N, quaternary N, and Co-N4). As a key feature, the Co-N4 affects the Li deposition behavior with axial Li growth on the surfaces of the carbon frameworks, while the other heteroatoms (i.e., nitrogen defects) induce vertical Li growth. By combining theoretical calculations and experiments, this detailed investigation widens the scope of future research on carbon host materials for practical usage of Li metal batteries

2D Weyl-Semimetal States Achieved by a Thickness-Dependent Crossover and Topological Phase Transition in Bi0.96Sb0.04 Thin Films

Despite theoretical expectations for 2D Weyl semimetals (WSMs), realizing stable 2D topological semimetal states experimentally is currently a great challenge. Here, 2D WSM states achieved by a thickness-dependent topological phase transition from 3D Dirac semimetal to 2D WSM in molecular-beam-epitaxy-grown Bi0.96Sb0.04 thin films are reported. 2D weak anti-localization (WAL) and chiral anomaly arise in the Bi0.96Sb0.04 films for thicknesses below ≈10 nm, supporting 2D Weyl semimetallic transport in the films. This is particularly evident from magnetoresistance (MR) measurements which show cusp structures at around B = 0, indicating WAL, and negative MR, typical of chiral anomaly, only for layers with thicknesses below ≈10 nm. The temperature dependencies of the dephasing length for various thicknesses are consistent with those of the MR. Analysis based on second harmonic generation, terahertz emission, Seebeck/Hall effects, Raman scattering, X-ray diffraction, and X-ray photoemission demonstrates that the Dirac- to Weyl-semimetal phase transition for films thinner than ≈10 nm is induced by inversion-symmetry breaking due to the lattice-mismatch strain between the Bi0.96Sb0.04 film and substrate. The realization of 2D WSMs is particularly significant for applications in high-speed electronics, spintronics, and quantum computations due to their high mobility, chiral spin, and topologically-protected quantum qubits

Leptomeningeal Collaterals and Infarct Progression in Patients With Acute Large‐Vessel Occlusion and Low NIHSS

Background Approximately 10% of patients with acute ischemic stroke with large‐vessel occlusion (LVO) have mild neurological deficits. Although leptomeningeal collaterals (LMCs) are the major determinant of clinical outcomes for patients with acute ischemic stroke with LVO, the contribution of baseline LMC status to subsequent infarct progression in patients with mild stroke with LVO is poorly defined. Methods This observational study included patients with acute anterior circulation LVO and mild stroke symptoms (National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale < 6) from a prospectively collected, multicenter, national stroke registry. The Alberta Stroke Program Early Computed Tomography Score was quantified on the initial and follow‐up images. An infarct progression, defined as any Alberta Stroke Program Early Computed Tomography Score decrease between the initial versus follow‐up scans, was categorized as either 0/1/2+. The LMCs on the baseline images were graded as good, fair, or poor. Results Of the 623 included patients (mean age, 67.6±13.4 years; 380 [61.0%] men; 186 [29.9%] with reperfusion treatment), the baseline LMC was graded as good in 331 (53.1%), fair in 219 (35.2%), and poor in 73 (11.7%). The Alberta Stroke Program Early Computed Tomography Score decrement was noted as 0 in 288 (46%) patients, 1 in 154 (24%), and 2+ in 181 (29%). A poor LMC was associated with an infarct progression (adjusted odds ratio, 2.05 [95% CI, 1.22–3.47]). Conclusions Poor collateral blood flow was associated with infarct progression in patients with acute ischemic stroke with LVO and mild symptoms. In this selective population, early assessment of collateral blood flow status can help in early detection of patients susceptible to infarct progression

Dual antiplatelet Use for extended period taRgeted to AcuTe ischemic stroke with presumed atherosclerotic OrigiN (DURATION) trial : Rationale and design

Rationale: The optimal duration of dual antiplatelet therapy (DAPT) with clopidogrel-aspirin for the large artery atherosclerotic (LAA) stroke subtype has been debated. Aims: To determine whether the 1-year risk of recurrent vascular events could be reduced by a longer duration of DAPT in patients with the LAA stroke subtype. Methods and study design: A total of 4806 participants will be recruited to detect a statistically significant relative risk reduction of 22% with 80% power and a two-sided alpha error of 0.05, including a 10% loss to follow-up. This is a registry-based, multicenter, prospective, randomized, open-label, blinded end point study designed to evaluate the efficacy and safety of a 12-month duration of DAPT compared with a 3-month duration of DAPT in the LAA stroke subtype. Patients will be randomized (1:1) to either DAPT for 12 months or DAPT for 3 months, followed by monotherapy (either aspirin or clopidogrel) for the remaining 9 months. Study outcomes: The primary efficacy outcome of the study is a composite of stroke (ischemic or hemorrhagic), myocardial infarction, and all-cause mortality for 1 year after the index stroke. The secondary efficacy outcomes are (1) stroke, (2) ischemic stroke or transient ischemic attack, (3) hemorrhagic stroke, and (4) all-cause mortality. The primary safety outcome is major bleeding. Discussion: This study will help stroke physicians determine the appropriate duration of dual therapy with clopidogrel-aspirin for patients with the LAA stroke subtype. Trial registration: URL: https://cris.nih.go.kr/cris. CRIS Registration Number: KCT0004407

sj-docx-1-wso-10.1177_17474930231168742 – Supplemental material for Dual antiplatelet Use for extended period taRgeted to AcuTe ischemic stroke with presumed atherosclerotic OrigiN (DURATION) trial: Rationale and design

Supplemental material, sj-docx-1-wso-10.1177_17474930231168742 for Dual antiplatelet Use for extended period taRgeted to AcuTe ischemic stroke with presumed atherosclerotic OrigiN (DURATION) trial: Rationale and design by Joon-Tae Kim, Jihoon Kang, Beom Joon Kim, Jun Yup Kim, Moon-Ku Han, Ki-Hyun Cho, Man-Seok Park, Kang-Ho Choi, Jong-Moo Park, Kyusik Kang, Yong Soo Kim, Soo Joo Lee, Jae Guk Kim, Jae-Kwan Cha, Dae-Hyun Kim, Tai Hwan Park, Sang-Soon Park, Jin Kyo Choi, Kyungbok Lee, Kwang-Yeol Park, Hae-Bong Jeong, Jun Lee, Doo Hyuk Kwon, Yong-Jin Cho, Keun-Sik Hong, Hong-Kyun Park, Byung-Chul Lee, Kyung-Ho Yu, Mi Sun Oh, Minwoo Lee, Dong-Eog Kim, Dong-Seok Gwak, Jay Chol Choi, Joong-Goo Kim, Chul-Hoo Kang, Jee-Hyun Kwon, Wook-Joo Kim, Dong-Ick Shin, Kyu Sun Yum, Sung Il Sohn, Jeong-Ho Hong, Hyungjong Park, Chulho Kim, Sang-Hwa Lee, Juneyoung Lee, Philip B Gorelick, Bo Norrving and Hee-Joon Bae in International Journal of Stroke</p