Características biopsicosociales que antecedieron el embarazo de adolescentes de dos instituciones de salud de Popayán

Objective: To identify biopsychosocial characteristics preceding the pregnancy in teenagers that went to see the doctor in two level one medical centers in Popayán. Method: Descriptive study, gathering and analysing qualitative and quantitative information. Results: 38 teenagers with an average age of 16.37 years at conception. 90% (34) were first-time mothers. 73% (28) were attending high school and 68% (26) were from a low socioeconomic background. 36.8% (14) were planning a future involving study and work. 46% (17) had dropped out from school. The young girls average age and of commencing sexual activities are 12.89 and 15.32 respectively. 71% 27) had a sexual partner and mentioned that the main reasons for getting pregnant were falling in love and loneliness. Dysfunctional families were a notable feature with 32% (12) coming from broken nuclear families. In order of frequency, social activities in their free time 22/38; 34.2% (13) spend time with their boyfriends. 55%( 21) did not use any contraceptive. 50% (19) heard negative comments against teenage motherhood before their pregnancy. 63% (24) did not plan to get pregnant. 71% 27) had their mother, cousins or a friend with a history of teenage pregnancy. Conclusions: In this population, pregnancy is perhaps a way to establish the sexual identity. It is probable that there is an influence of the repetitive generational pattern of pregnancy at an early age. Teenagers find it viable to adopt adult roles to establish their identity creating a false identity, in addition the limited support from their parents lead them to a marriage or pregnancy as a way to reaffirm their role.Objetivo: Identificar las características biopsicosociales que antecedieron al embarazo en las adolescentes que asistieron a consulta en dos instituciones de nivel I de Popayán. Método: Estudio descriptivo con estrategias de recolección y análisis de información cuali-cuantitativas. Resultados: 38 adolescentes con promedio de edad al momento del embarazo 16.37 años. 90% (34) primigestantes; 73% (28) cursaban secundaria y 68% (26) de estrato socioeconómico bajo. 36.8% (14) tenían un proyecto de vida basado en estudiar y trabajar, 46% (17) había desertado del colegio. Edad promedio de la menarca y de inicio de actividad sexual 12.89 y 15.32 años respectivamente, 71%(27) tuvo un compañero sexual y refirieron como principales influencias para embarazarse: el enamoramiento y la soledad. Se destaca la disfuncionalidad familia, 32% (12) presentaban familia nuclear incompleta. Por orden de frecuencia, hubo predominio de actividades sociales en su tiempo libre 22/38; 34.2 % (13) de estas eran compartidas con el novio. 55% (21) no utilizó anticoncepción. 50% (19) recibió comentarios en contra y con rechazo sobre la maternidad en la adolescencia, antes del embarazo. 63%( 24) no planeó el embarazo, 71%(27) tuvo primas o madre o una amiga con antecedentes de gestación adolescente. Conclusiones: En esta población, el embarazo, es tal vez un camino para alcanzar la identidad sexual. Es probable que exista influencia del patrón generacional repetitivo de embarazo a temprana edad. Las adolescentes encuentran viable adoptar roles adultos para la conformación de su identidad, crean una falsa identidad, que sumado al poco acompañamiento de los padres, los llevan al matrimonio o embarazos como forma de reafirmar su rol

Umbral auditivo en estudiantes de segundo semestre de la Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud de la Universidad del Cauca, expuestos a ruido por reproductores de audio, 2007-2008.

Hearing is one of the psycho- physiological process that gives to human beings the capacity of hearing, when hearing is affected a deafness is got, which may be caused by different factors. Such as the exposure to noise when we use sound players. Objective: the purpose of this research is to establish the threshold of undergraduates who often use sound players to find out a possible deafness. Material and methods: a descriptive study of transverse cut was carried out with 92 students who were polled. An anamnesis of exposure to noise by sound players, for register of results and tonal audiometry qualification. 70 anamnesis were carried out, 29 cares were selected based on an inclusion and exclusion criterion. A tonal audiometry and the measurement of sound of the personal sound player were carried out to the students who were selected. Results: it was found out that 13.8% of the assessed students presented a little deafness and 86.2% presented a normal hearing. Conclusions: it was found out that even intensity and the time of use of the sound players have influence on the deafness, in exchange music and some kinds of hearphones are not risky factors for deafness caused by the use of sound players.La audición, es un proceso psico-fisiológico que proporciona al ser humano la capacidad de oír; al comprometerse se instaura una pérdida auditiva, la cual se presenta por diferentes factores, entre ellos la exposición a ruido, que puede causarse por el uso de los reproductores de audio. Objetivo: Establecer el umbral auditivo en estudiantes universitarios de los programas de Medicina, Enfermería, Fisioterapia y Fonoaudiología, expuestos a ruido por reproductores de audio, durante el periodo comprendido entre el II semestre del 2007 y el I semestre del 2008. Material y métodos: Se realizó un estudio descriptivo de corte transversa; se utilizaron  formatos de encuesta, consentimiento informado, anamnesis y audiograma, para registro de datos y calificación de audiometría tonal. La población universo fue de 92 estudiantes de los cuales 56 eran usuarios de reproductores de audio, se aplicó anamnesis y se seleccionaron 29 casos con base en los criterios de inclusión y exclusión. Posteriormente, se realizó la audiometría tonal y la medición de la salida del sonido del reproductor de audio personal. Resultados: Se encontró que el 13.8%  de los estudiantes evaluados presentaron leve disminución del umbral auditivo y el 86.2%, presentaron audición normal. Conclusiones: La Intensidad de salida del Sonido y el tiempo transcurrido de uso de los reproductores de audio, influyeron en la presencia de disminución auditiva; por el contrario, las variables de tipos de música y de audífonos no fueron importantes en la población sujeto de estudio

Threshold hearing in students of second semester of the school of Health Sciences of Cauca University exposed a noise audio players, 2007-2008

Hearing is one of the psycho- physiological process that gives to human beings the capacity of hearing, when hearing is affected a deafness is got, which may be caused by different factors. Such as the exposure to noise when we use sound players. Objective: the purpose of this research is to establish the threshold of undergraduates who often use sound players to find out a possible deafness. Material and methods: a descriptive study of transverse cut was carried out with 92 students who were polled. An anamnesis of exposure to noise by sound players, for register of results and tonal audiometry qualification. 70 anamnesis were carried out, 29 cares were selected based on an inclusion and exclusion criterion. A tonal audiometry and the measurement of sound of the personal sound player were carried out to the students who were selected. Results: it was found out that 13.8% of the assessed students presented a little deafness and 86.2% presented a normal hearing. Conclusions: it was found out that even intensity and the time of use of the sound players have influence on the deafness, in exchange music and some kinds of hearphones are not risky factors for deafness caused by the use of sound players

Umbral auditivo en estudiantes de segundo semestre de la Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud de la Universidad del Cauca, expuestos a ruido por reproductores de audio, 2007-2008.

Hearing is one of the psycho- physiological process that gives to human beings the capacity of hearing, when hearing is affected a deafness is got, which may be caused by different factors. Such as the exposure to noise when we use sound players. Objective: the purpose of this research is to establish the threshold of undergraduates who often use sound players to find out a possible deafness. Material and methods: a descriptive study of transverse cut was carried out with 92 students who were polled. An anamnesis of exposure to noise by sound players, for register of results and tonal audiometry qualification. 70 anamnesis were carried out, 29 cares were selected based on an inclusion and exclusion criterion. A tonal audiometry and the measurement of sound of the personal sound player were carried out to the students who were selected. Results: it was found out that 13.8% of the assessed students presented a little deafness and 86.2% presented a normal hearing. Conclusions: it was found out that even intensity and the time of use of the sound players have influence on the deafness, in exchange music and some kinds of hearphones are not risky factors for deafness caused by the use of sound players.La audición, es un proceso psico-fisiológico que proporciona al ser humano la capacidad de oír; al comprometerse se instaura una pérdida auditiva, la cual se presenta por diferentes factores, entre ellos la exposición a ruido, que puede causarse por el uso de los reproductores de audio. Objetivo: Establecer el umbral auditivo en estudiantes universitarios de los programas de Medicina, Enfermería, Fisioterapia y Fonoaudiología, expuestos a ruido por reproductores de audio, durante el periodo comprendido entre el II semestre del 2007 y el I semestre del 2008. Material y métodos: Se realizó un estudio descriptivo de corte transversa; se utilizaron  formatos de encuesta, consentimiento informado, anamnesis y audiograma, para registro de datos y calificación de audiometría tonal. La población universo fue de 92 estudiantes de los cuales 56 eran usuarios de reproductores de audio, se aplicó anamnesis y se seleccionaron 29 casos con base en los criterios de inclusión y exclusión. Posteriormente, se realizó la audiometría tonal y la medición de la salida del sonido del reproductor de audio personal. Resultados: Se encontró que el 13.8%  de los estudiantes evaluados presentaron leve disminución del umbral auditivo y el 86.2%, presentaron audición normal. Conclusiones: La Intensidad de salida del Sonido y el tiempo transcurrido de uso de los reproductores de audio, influyeron en la presencia de disminución auditiva; por el contrario, las variables de tipos de música y de audífonos no fueron importantes en la población sujeto de estudio