Development of lower limb rehabilitation evaluation system based on virtual reality technology

Nowadays, with the development of the proportion of the elderly population in the world, several problems caused by the population aging gradually into people's horizons. One of the biggest problems plagued the vast majority of the elderly is hemiplegia, which leads to the vigorous development of the physical therapists. However, these traditional methods of physical therapy mainly rely on the skill of the physical therapists. In order to make up the defects of traditional methods, many research groups have developed different kinds of robots for lower limb rehabilitation training but most of them can only realize passive training which cannot adopt rehabilitation training based on the patients' individual condition effectively and they do not have a rehabilitation evaluation system to assess the real time training condition of the hemiplegic patients effectively. In order to solve the problems above, this paper proposed a lower limb rehabilitation evaluation system which is based on the virtual reality technology. This system has an easy observation of the human-computer interaction interface and the doctor is able to adjust the rehabilitation training direct at different patients in different rehabilitation stage based on this lower limb rehabilitation evaluation system. Compared with current techniques, this novel lower limb rehabilitation evaluation system is expected to have significant impacts in medical rehabilitation robot field

Additional file 1 of Relationship between glycated hemoglobin levels and three-month outcomes in acute ischemic stroke patients with or without diabetes: a prospective Korean cohort study

Supplementary Materials 1

Characteristics of Methanol Hydrothermal Combustion: Detailed Chemical Kinetics Coupled with Simple Flow Modeling Study

Hydrothermal flame is a promising solution for problems in the preheating process of supercritical water oxidation (SCWO) technology. A detailed chemical kinetics coupled with a simple flow model is developed and validated to reflect the characteristic of hydrothermal flame. Analysis of free radicals accumulation show that the high quantity of free radicals induced by high methanol concentration leads to ignition. A method to approach the ignition temperature through ignition delay time calculation with a specific reactor model is proposed, which shows good agreement with the existing experimental data and directs further design quantitatively. Extinction limits are discussed by laminar flame speed and the perfect stirred reactor (PSR) model comparatively. Ultimate extinction temperatures of different methanol concentrations are approached and suggest the possible improvement of hydrothermal flame stability at higher methanol concentration through flow field optimization

Synthesis of 2‑Cyclopentenone Derivatives via Palladium-Catalyzed Intramolecular Carbonyl α‑Alkenylation

2-Cyclopentenone derivatives have been efficiently synthesized from 5-bromo-5-hexen-2-ones via palladium-catalyzed intramolecular carbonyl α-alkenylation followed by double-bond migration under mild reaction conditions

Lateral flow test strip.

<p>(a) Cu²⁺ detection based on Cu⁺-catalyzed click chemistry. (b) Schematic illustration of the SA-LFTS for the visual detection of the generated click-ligated ssDNA product. Compare with the traditional LFTS developed by Zeng’s group [<a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0169345#pone.0169345.ref019" target="_blank">19</a>], the SA-LFTS contains an additional amplification pad, which results in higher sensitivity, and streptavidin-biotin interaction at the test line make the test be more easily implemented. (c) The test line and control line of the SA-LFTS after flow with Cu²⁺ addition. AuNPs are captured by streptavidin-biotin interaction and ssDNA hybridization.</p

A Simulation Study on the Efficacy of Advanced Belt Restraints to Mitigate the Effects of Obesity for Rear-Seat Occupant Protection in Frontal Crashes

<div><p><b>Objective:</b> Recent field data analyses have shown that the safety advantages of rear seats relative to the front seats have decreased in newer vehicles. Separately, the risks of certain injuries have been found to be higher for obese occupants. The objective of this study is to investigate the effects of advanced belt features on the protection of rear-seat occupants with a range of body mass index (BMI) in frontal crashes.</p><p><b>Methods:</b> Whole-body finite element human models with 4 BMI levels (25, 30, 35, and 40 kg/m²) developed previously were used in this study. A total of 52 frontal crash simulations were conducted, including 4 simulations with a standard rear-seat, 3-point belt and 48 simulations with advanced belt features. The parameters varied in the simulations included BMI, load limit, anchor pretensioner, and lap belt routing relative to the pelvis. The injury measurements analyzed in this study included head and hip excursions, normalized chest deflection, and torso angle (defined as the angle between the hip–shoulder line and the vertical direction). Analyses of covariance were used to test the significance (<i>P</i> <.05) of the results.</p><p><b>Results:</b> Higher BMI was associated with greater head and hip excursions and larger normalized chest deflection. Higher belt routing increased the hip excursion and torso angle, which indicates a higher submarining risk, whereas the anchor pretensioner reduced hip excursion and torso angle. Lower load limits decreased the normalized chest deflection but increased the head excursion. Normalized chest deflection had a positive correlation with maximum torso angle. Occupants with higher BMI have to use higher load limits to reach head excursions similar to those in lower BMI occupants.</p><p><b>Discussion and Conclusion:</b> The simulation results suggest that optimizing load limiter and adding pretensioner(s) can reduce injury risks associated with obesity, but conflicting effects on head and chest injuries were observed. This study demonstrated the feasibility and importance of using human models to investigate protection for occupants with various BMI levels. A seat belt system capable of adapting to occupant size and body shape will improve protection for obese occupants in rear seats.</p></div

Specificity of the SA-LFTS for Cu²⁺ in the presence of competing metal ions.

<p>The concentration of Cu²⁺ was 100 nM and all the other ions were at 1000 nM.</p

Results for Cu²⁺ sensing.

<p>Photographs of (a) traditional LFTS and (b) SA-LFTS. (c) Plot of the relative intensity (T/C) <i>vs</i> Cu²⁺ concentration. The color intensity were recorded with a strip reader. (d) Calibration curve of the relative intensity (T/C) <i>vs</i> the logarithm of Cu²⁺ concentration. Error bars show the standard deviations (n = 3).</p

Sensing results of the SA-LFTS for detection of Cu²⁺ in spiked municipal water and river water samples.

<p>Sensing results of the SA-LFTS for detection of Cu²⁺ in spiked municipal water and river water samples.</p

Photographs of Cu²⁺ sensing with different running buffers (4×SSC, 0.01 M PBS, and 0.01 M Tris-HCl).

<p>Photographs of Cu²⁺ sensing with different running buffers (4×SSC, 0.01 M PBS, and 0.01 M Tris-HCl).</p