Pengaruh Penambahan HHO Terhadap Kinerja Dan Ionisasi Pembakaran Motor Bensin

This aim of this research was to conduct the effect of HHO which injected into the combustion chamber through the intake manifold of the gasoline four-stroke motorcycle engine. HHO is a mixture of hydrogen and oxygen was produced by water electrolysis process.The experiments were carried out by using the HHO generatorin intake manifold to produced HHO gas, which injected into the combustion chamber. The HHO gas injection was varied of 0 ml/s, 0.75 ml/s, 1.5 ml/s, 2.25 ml/s and 3 ml/s based on the engine shaft revolution (rpm). The engine shaft revolutions were also varied at 1700 rpm, 2200 rpm, 2700 rpm, 3200 rpm, 3700 rpm, and 4200 rpm. The engine performance (power output effectively, SFC, and thermal efficiency), the ionization combustion (burning voltage and burning time) and exhaust gas emissions (HC and CO) were investigated. The results show that the additionof the HHO gascould improve the performance of the gasoline four-stroke engine. The effective of power out-put and thermal efficiency increase as increase the HHO injection.The specific fuel consumption (sfc) was also decreases as increases the HHO injection. The ionization combustion much better, which the voltage products of combustion increase and combustion time decrease as increase the HHO injection. The addition of HHO gas was also improved the quality of exhaust gas emission which are reduce the content of CO and HC gases due tothe HHO enhance the combustion process. The hydrogen gas has a high diffusivity which can improve of the fuel mixing, turbulence and homogeneity. The hydrogen gas has the flamehigh faster than gasoline, therefore its decrease the burning time as increase the HHO injection

Karakteristik Pembakaran Difusi Campuran Biodiesel Minyak Jarak Pagar (Jathropha Curcas L) - Etanol/Metanol Pada Mini Glass Tube

Diffusion is a combustion which is performed on a diesel engine, biodiesel as a biofuel is used to replace fossil fuels. Many studies have looked at the effect of a mixture of biodiesel fuel-ethanolmethanol-diesel with different percentages in terms of engine performance and exhaust emissions, but have never done research on the characteristics of combustion and interface evaporation. This paper discusses how the comparison of the characteristics of the diffusion combustion mixture of biodiesel and biodiesel-ethanol-methanol in mini glass tube. The results showed that the use of biodieselethanol occurred many explosions flame and lift off than biodiesel-methanol. Biodiesel-ethanol evaporation interfaces tend to be flat because there were many explosions so that the liquid fuel out of the burner. The use of biodiesel-methanol flame produces more stable than biodiesel-ethanol

Kecepatan Pembakaran Premixed Campuran Minyak Jarak - Liquefied Petroleum Gas (LPG) Pada Circular Tube Burner

This study was conducted to determine the characteristics of premixed combustion of a mixture of castor oil - LPG on a circular tube burner. Percentage of LPG fuel in a mixture of jatropha curcas oil - LPG varied as much as 10%, 20%, 30%, and 40% of the mass flow jatropha curcas oil vapor. Considering the flame of fire there are two angles formed which describe burning velocity. Also there are formed two cones of fire where the bright blue inside cone is a premixed flame, while the outer blue white cone is flame a diffusion flame. An increase in the percentage of LPG makes the value of top and bottom angle increase. So that the burning velocity on the upper angle decrease whilst on bottom angle increase

ProduksiI Brown\u27s Gas Hasil Elektrolisis H2O Dengan Katalis NaHCO3

This research is intended to investigate the effect of NaHCO3 (Natrium Bicarbonate) percentage on the performance of HHO (Brown\u27s Gas) production using electrolysis method. Performance of HHO production that was observed in this research were electric power that used for HHO production as well as rate and efficiency of HHO production. Electrolysis is decomposition of water molecules (H2O) into hydrogen and oxigen molecules (HHO) using electricity in an electrolite solution. This process takes place when two electrodes (anode and cathode) placed in the water and direct electric current flowed through the system. In this research Natrium Bicarbonate was dissolved in the water to increase the rate of electrolysis process. Percentage of Natrium Bicarbonate was varied from 2,5% – 15%. The results show that electric power that used for HHO production and rate of HHO production were increased with the increasing of Natrium Bicarbonate percentage and reach their maximum value at 12,5% Natrium Bicarbonat. However maximum value for electrolysis efficiency was occurred for Natrium Bicarbonate percentage of 10%

An Empirical Study of Climate Change on Carbon Dioxide Emission in ASEAN 4: Vector Autoregression Exogenous (VARX) Approach

Climate change is a phenomenon of environmental damage due to the increased intensity of carbon dioxide emissions in the atmosphere, which causes the surface temperature of the earth. The carbon dioxide emission is a form of environmental degradation caused by economic activities. This study analyzed the relationship of macroeconomic variables and the carbon dioxide emission in each of the four ASEAN countries (Indonesia, Malaysia, the Philippines, and Thailand). The used of macroeconomic variables (GDP, trade openness, energy consumption, and the exchange rate) is shown to explain the carbon dioxide emission. In this study, Vector Auto regression Exogenous (VARX) method is used to analyze the impact of economic activities on the movement of carbon dioxide emissions. The data used time series with a vulnerable time of the year 1981-2013. The estimation results from these studies show that the GDP variable has the greatest contribution to the dynamics of carbon dioxide emissions in each ASEAN 4 countries. This empirical finding suggests that economic activity has an influence on the growth of carbon dioxide emissions

Addition of Bio-additive as a Catalyst of Burning Vegetable Oil Influenced by 4 Pole Magnetic Field

The application of the combustion process influenced by magnetic circle 4 poles sequentially (N-S-N-S) against premixed combustion of vegetable-aromatic oil at an equivalence ratio approaching stoichiometry is studied. The reactant reaction causes the heat transfer to be characterized by the increase in temperature and has the main strength that combines the metal atoms due to the interesting pull (N-S) and (S-N) causing the electrons to move freely due to energy electron. Electron interaction induces the separation of atoms from the reactants, followed by atomisation and fuel transfer into a droplet and then collisions into a smaller droplet, smoother and isolated forming cellular-cellular APIs. The results of the study reported that the magnetic field makes a premixed combustion reaction more intense as the magnetic field makes the spin of the electron and the proton hydrogen become more energetic. More energetic electrons and protons are more actively changing the structure of carbon bonds in saturated and unsaturated fatty acids, both long and short chains. Long-chain saturated fatty acids and polar forms are more active than short and straight because they have a stronger polarity and a more free electron movement. Magnetic field administration makes fire more reactive, Faster in the vines, because paramagnetic O2 is emitted more across the fire from the South Pole (S) to the North (N) while the heat carried by H2O that is diamagnetic is emitted more across the fire from the North Pole (N) to the South (S). This event occurs in the shift of magnetic coil U and S. Consequently, in the area of switching, there is the formation of cellular-cellular fire and the growth of radius equivalenc

Effect of Evaporator-condenser Diameter Ratio (D/D) on Thermal Performance of the Tapering Heat Pipe with Various Heat Sources

In the present study, a new tapering heat pipe design had been developed to enhance the thermal performances. Boiling visualization in the tapering heat pipe is investigated to provide the detailed information of bubbles nucleation. Experiment was conducted in the tapering heat pipe with variation of the evaporator (d) to condenser (D) diameter ratio. The values of d/D are varied at 1/1; 1/2; 1/3 and 1/4. Heat load was generated at the evaporator section using heater DC-Power supply at 30, 40 and 50 Watt. The visualization technique was developed by using a transparent glass tube and the images of boiling bubbles were captured by SLR camera. The glass tube inclination is 45° and integrated with the NI-9211 and c-DAQ 9271 module. K-type thermocouple was set at the evaporator and condenser sections for measurement of boiling temperatures in the tapering heat pipe. Based on the results, it can be noted that variations of heat load and diameter ratio (d/D) of the evaporator and condenser affect the size and shape of boiling bubbles, as well as the nucleation temperature on the tapering heat pipe. The heat transfer coefficient tends to increase at a heat load of 50 W and diameter ratio d/D=1/4

Development of Planar Meso­scale Combustor with Double Narrow Slit Flame Holder and Various Aspect Ratios for Micropower Generator

We have investigated the effects of the aspect ratio of the rectangular mesoscale combustor with a narrow slit flame holder on the flame stability limit, flame behavior and uniformity of combustor wall temperature. The combustor was made of copper with a cross-section area of 6 mm2. The combustor aspect ratio (AR) was varied as 1, 1.5, 2.67, and 6. LPG and pure oxygen were premixed and the experiment was conducted at a limited flow rate. Pure oxygen is selected as an oxidizing agent with the intention of revealing in detail the range of flame stability within a very narrow quenching distance. All observed flames were inside the combustion chamber, not outside the channel. This research used a new type of flame holder namely double narrow slit flame holder as a flame stabilizer. The flame holder with double slit and a kind of bluff body in the center helps recirculate the flow and prolong the residence time to make the flame more stable. The use of double narrow slit flame holder successfully extended the stability map to a very lean equivalence ratio (f). However, there was a dead zone near stoichiometry condition due to very high flame propagation speed. Aspect ratio had an important role for the non-circular combustor. The aspect ratio gave a great effect to determine the limit of the stability map that can be achieved at the rich mixture. The combustor with AR=1.5 had the widest range of flammability limit, while AR=6 hadthe narrowestflame stability limits. However, the latter reached the most uniform wall temperature, which is important to obtain high efficiency thermal to electric energy conversion. The results of this study can be used to determine the right fuel mixture on the mesoscale combustor as a heat source on the micro power generator/thermal electric syste