Prediction of first-year corrosion losses of copper and aluminum in continental regions

The dose-response functions (DRFs) developed for the prediction of first-year corrosion losses of copper and aluminum (K1) in continental regions are presented. The development of DRFs is based on the stablished dependences of the corrosion losses of these metals on SO2 concentration: K = f([SO2]). Experimental data on the atmosphere corrosivity and corrosion losses of the metals in a one-year exposure period according to ISOCORRAG and UN/ECE international programs, the Russian program, and МICAT project were used. Comparisons of the predicted K1 values obtained by three different DRFs with experimental K1 values are presented. These DRFs are analyzed in terms of the coefficients they contain

First Example of Cage P₄N₄-Macrocycle Copper Complexes with Intracavity Location of Unusual Cu₂I Fragments

In this study, 28-membered macrocyclic 1,5(1,5)-di(1,5-diaza-3,7-diphosphacyclooctana)-2,4,6,8(1,4)-tetrabenzenacyclooctaphane were synthesized by condensation of pyridinephosphine, paraformaldehyde, and primary diamines (bis(4-aminophenyl)methane or -sulfide. The first representatives of binuclear copper(I) complexes of P,N-containing cyclophanes with two 1,5-diaza-3,7-diphosphacyclooctane rings incorporated into a macrocyclic core and intracavity location of unusual, developed angle Cu2I moiety were obtained. The structure of one complex was established by X-ray diffraction analysis. The complexation led to a slight distortion of the cyclophane conformations

Synthesis and Structure of Iron (II) Complexes of Functionalized 1,5-Diaza-3,7-Diphosphacyclooctanes

In order to synthesize new iron (II) complexes of 1,5-diaza-3,7-diphosphacyclooctanes with a wider variety of the substituents on ligands heteroatoms (including functionalized ones, namely, pyridyl groups) and co-ligands, it was found that these ligands with relatively small phenyl, benzyl, and pyridin-2-yl substituents on phosphorus atoms in acetonitrile formed bis-P,P-chelate cis-complexes [L2Fe(CH3CN)2]2+ (BF4)2−, whereas P-mesityl-substituted ligand formed only monoligand P,P-complex [LFe(CH3CN)4]2+ (BF4)2−. 3,7-dibenzyl-1,5-di(1′-(R)-phenylethyl)-1,5-diaza-3,7-diphosphacyclooctane reacted with hexahydrate of iron (II) tetrafluoroborate in acetone to give an unusual bis-ligand cationic complex of the composition [L2Fe(BF4)]+ BF4−, where two fluorine atoms of the tetrafluoroborate unit occupied two pseudo-equatorial positions at roughly octahedral iron ion, according to X-ray diffraction data. 1,5-diaza-3,7-diphosphacyclooctanes replaced tetrahydrofurane and one of the carbonyl ligands of cyclopentadienyldicarbonyl(tetrahydrofuran)iron (II) tetrafluoroborate to form heteroligand complexes [CpFeL(CO)]+BF4−. The structural studies in the solid phase and in solutions showed that diazadiphosphacyclooctane ligands of all complexes adopted chair-boat conformations so that their nitrogen atoms were in close proximity to the central iron ion. The redox properties of the obtained complexes were performed by the cyclic voltammetry method

Verbal Abilities: Sex Differences in Children at Different Ages

Background. The assertion of sex differences in verbal abilities is a highly controversial subject. Some studies have demonstrated a female advantage; other studies have found higher rates in males. The results depended on the type of verbal ability that was studied, the cultural context, and the ages of the subjects. There are two types of theories that have been developed to explain the existence of sex differences in cognitive abilities. Social theories explain the differences as caused by social determinants. Biological theories consider biological factors such as prenatal development conditions and hormone levels, among others, as the cause of sex differences. Objective. To investigate sex differences in verbal abilities in children of different ages. Design. Two different editions of Wechsler tests were used. For children age 2.5 to 5 years, the Wechsler Preschool Primary Scale of Intelligence (WPPSI-IV) was used. For children age 6 and older, we administered the Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children (WISC-V). The total sample included 313 children. Results. The study found significant sex differences in performance on the Verbal Comprehension Scale in children of different ages. At the age of 2 to 4 years, the girls performed better than the boys. In the group of boys, there was a significant increase in verbal abilities at the age of 8–9 years. By the age of 10–11 years, boys began outperforming girls on the Verbal Comprehension Index. Scores on the Verbal Comprehension and Visual Spatial subtests for the boy sample showed stronger correlations than in the girl sample in all age groups. Conclusion. Sex differences in verbal abilities varied depending on the age of the children. The boys showed a stronger integration of their verbal abilities into the structure of their intelligence than the girls

Legal regulation of the railway freight transportation and criminal liability for disabling communication lines or transport in Russia

The purpose of the study is to consider the legal regulation of railway freight transportation (on the example of Russia and some European countries), as well as study the peculiarities of criminal prosecution for disabling communication lines or transport on the example of the legislation of the Russian Federation. The leading method was the deductive. The method of systems analysis, the historical method, the method of induction, etc. were used. The study concludes that today, an increase in transport significantly increases the prevalence and danger of crimes that encroach on the functioning of transport that is safe for people and society. The chapter uniting these crimes is located in Section IX of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation: “Crimes against Public Safety and Public Order”, placed in third place after the section on crimes against the person and in the economic sphere

Impact of Multimedia Components in Children Magazines on Psychological Profile: Case of Russian Online Editions

The article analyzes the use of various multimedia components and reveals changes in the personal characteristics of children with varying degrees of Internet addiction, including those caused by the abundance of multimedia components in online publications, based on the analysis of multimedia components often found in Russian online magazines for children. All the analyzed media are classified into two categories: representing a copy of a printed magazine without any video materials and online games; an online magazine containing games, videos and graphic elements without any text content. The abundant use of multimedia components affects the level of child's Internet addiction that has an influence, in its turn, on personal psychological profile. The abundance of multimedia components in online magazines for children of different types causes an increase in the level of Internet addiction that affects, in its turn, child's personality

Monoterpene-Containing Substituted Coumarins as Inhibitors of Respiratory Syncytial Virus (RSV) Replication

Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is a critical cause of infant mortality. However, there are no vaccines and adequate drugs for its treatment. We showed, for the first time, that O-linked coumarin–monoterpene conjugates are effective RSV inhibitors. The most potent compounds are active against both RSV serotypes, A and B. According to the results of the time-of-addition experiment, the conjugates act at the early stages of virus cycle. Based on molecular modelling data, RSV F protein may be considered as a possible target