Pengaruh Pemberian Ekstrak Etanol Daun Sambiloto( Andrographis paniculata Nees) Terhadap Histopatologi Pankreas Mencit ( Mus musculus ) Diabetes Melitus (DM) Tipe I

Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a metabolic disorder which damage the beta cells (β) which led to the destruction of langerhans of pancreas gland. Diabetes mellitus is characterized by increased blood glucose levels and progressive changes to the structure of the histopathology of the pancreas. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of ethanol extract of sambiloto leaf ( Andrographis paniculata Nees) on pancreatic histopathology of Alloxan induced diabetic mice. This research is an experimental research design by Post Test Randomized Control Group Design Experim ental animals used were mice ( Mus musculus) 12 sample of mice ±2 weeks old were adapted for 5 days. Mice were divided into 4 groups, namely, negative control, positive contro l (3 days of alloxan injection) and diabetic mice treated with the ethanol extract of sambiloto leaf with 2 different doses (doses I =2,2mg/kg and dosesII=4,4mg/kg) for 14 days. On day15, mice were necropsy and pancreas were collected for further Hematoxiline Eosin (HE) coloration. The results showed that DM alloxan induced type 1 mice (Mus  musclus), the pancreas characterized by the occurrence of necrosis, langerhans islet was not bounded clear and breakthe linkage of the langerhans islet with a cinar while on ethanol extract therapy of sambiloto leaf dose 2,2 mg/kg and 4,4 mg/kg in mice DM type I showed the results an improvement on the langerhans islet. Based on these results, it can be concluded that a dose of 2,2 mg/kg and 4,4 mg/kg is effective dose to repair the structure of langerhans islet of mice Type I DM, but it is more adv isable to us a therapeutic dose of 4,4 mg/kg because it changes the structure of Langerhans islet

Studi Anatomi Intestinum Krasum pada Kalong Kapauk (Pteropus vampyrus)

Pteropus vampyrus is one of the animal species that plays an important role in the ecosystem by spreading the seeds of the edible fruits. Feed variations on each animal greatly affect the digestive tract. This study was aimed to determine the anatomical structure of the large intestine. Five adult large flying foxes weighing 500-800 g were used as the sample in this study. Large intestines were embedded in paraffin and stained with H & E method. H & E staining resulted in the presence of intestinal villi on colon and rectum

Studi Anatomi Lambung Kelelawar Buah (Pteropus vampyrus) Dengan Pewarnaan Histokimia Periodic Acid Shiff (PAS)

Timor Island, East Nusa Tenggara (NTT) has a large enough population of bats. A fruit bat (Pteropus vampyrus) is one of such species. Gastric in mammals consist of three region that is fundus, cardia and pylorus. This study aims to determine whether there are differences in the distribution pattern of constituent cells of gastric in Pteropus vampyrus to other mammals. Pteropus vampyrus is anaesthetized with ketamine 20 mg/kg and xylazine 2 mg/kg intramuscularly. In the anesthetized state, the perfusion of the heart is done by opening the chest cavity. Further observation is to the gastric in macroanatomy and then gastric organs were fixed by 10% formalin and then stain with histochemical staining (PAS). Region of Fundus of the stomach area occupies most of the region compared to the cardia and pylorus. Cardia and pyloric region are dominated by the parietal cells and mucous neck cells on the surface, but the pyloric region has begun to form gastric pits. Fundus region is dominated by the constituent cells such as gastric chief cells and parietal cells. Based on the results of the study, it is concluded that the distribution pattern in Pteropus vampyrus chief cells, parietal and mucous neck cells are different from other mammals

Histological Features of Catecholaminergic Neuron in Substantia Nigra Induced by Paraquat Dichloride (1,1-dimethyl-4,4 bipyridinium) in Wistar Rat as A Model of Parkinson Disease

Paraquat dichloride has been used by farmers as a herbicide to kill the grass. On the other hand, paraquatdichloride is harmful if enters to the body, causing Parkinson’s disease, since it is disrupting dopamineproduction in the substantia nigra pars compacta or dopamine pathways Nigro striatal pathway. The studywas done to fi nd out the histological changes of catecholaminergic neurons and Nigro striatal pathway causedby paraquat dichloride treatment in Wistar rats as a model of Parkinson’s disease.Twenty-two Wistar rats 3,5 months old were divided into 4 groups, 5 rats each. Group I (control group)were injected with aquabidest, while groups II, III, and IV were injected intraperitoneally with paraquatdichloride in aquabidest, with the dosage 5 , 10 and 15 mg/kg bw respectively. The rats were injected onceper week for 6 weeks. Three days after the last injection, the rats were anesthetized using xylasin (2 mg/kg)and ketamine (20 mg/kg) intramuscularly, and then were intracardiac perfused using physiological saline asprerinse solution, followed by 10% buffered formalin solution as a fi xative. After animals were fi xed, the brainswere removed and embedded in paraffi n block and cut in 12 μm thickness for immunohistochemistry stainingusing tyrosine hydroxylase antibody. The results of staining then were observed under light microscope andanalyzed descriptively.The results showed that the catecholaminergic neurons were distributed in the substantia nigrapars compacta in all treatment groups, however, the cell density were found decreased only in group IV.Catecholaminergic neurons appear in the bipolar and multipolar form, while dopamine ‘Nigro striatal pathway’was found exist in all treatment groups. From our study, histologycally the decreased of catecholaminergicneurons is only found in rats that received paraquat dichloride in dose 15 mg/kg bw for 6 weeks

Histological Features of Catecholaminergic Neuron in Substantia Nigra Induced by Paraquat Dichloride (1,1-dimethyl-4,4 bipyridinium) in Wistar Rat as A Model of Parkinson Disease

Paraquat dichloride has been used by farmers as a herbicide to kill the grass. On the other hand, paraquatdichloride is harmful if enters to the body, causing Parkinson’s disease, since it is disrupting dopamineproduction in the substantia nigra pars compacta or dopamine pathways Nigro striatal pathway. The studywas done to fi nd out the histological changes of catecholaminergic neurons and Nigro striatal pathway causedby paraquat dichloride treatment in Wistar rats as a model of Parkinson’s disease.Twenty-two Wistar rats 3,5 months old were divided into 4 groups, 5 rats each. Group I (control group)were injected with aquabidest, while groups II, III, and IV were injected intraperitoneally with paraquatdichloride in aquabidest, with the dosage 5 , 10 and 15 mg/kg bw respectively. The rats were injected onceper week for 6 weeks. Three days after the last injection, the rats were anesthetized using xylasin (2 mg/kg)and ketamine (20 mg/kg) intramuscularly, and then were intracardiac perfused using physiological saline asprerinse solution, followed by 10% buffered formalin solution as a fi xative. After animals were fi xed, the brainswere removed and embedded in paraffi n block and cut in 12 μm thickness for immunohistochemistry stainingusing tyrosine hydroxylase antibody. The results of staining then were observed under light microscope andanalyzed descriptively.The results showed that the catecholaminergic neurons were distributed in the substantia nigrapars compacta in all treatment groups, however, the cell density were found decreased only in group IV.Catecholaminergic neurons appear in the bipolar and multipolar form, while dopamine ‘Nigro striatal pathway’was found exist in all treatment groups. From our study, histologycally the decreased of catecholaminergicneurons is only found in rats that received paraquat dichloride in dose 15 mg/kg bw for 6 weeks

MORFOLOGI DAN MORFOMETRI SALURAN PENCERNAAN KALONG KAPAUK (Pteropus vampyrus) BESERTA DISTRIBUSI SARAFNYA

Large flying fox (Pteropusvampyrus) Timorese are fruit-bats, which included the order Chiroptera, suborder Megachiroptera. Morphology variation on various animals are presented because of different feed and behavior. Large flying fox are flying-mammals, because of that characteristic they have to adapted the morphology of their digestive tract. This study was conducted to determine the morphology, morphometrylarge flying fox digestive tract and nerves distribution. Five large flying fox was taken from East Nusa Tenggara, anaesthetized by ketamine 20 mg/kg andxylazin 2 mg/kg, perfused with NaCl physiological 0.9% intracardiac, fixed on 10% buffered formalin. Gastrointestinal tract (esophagus, ventriculus, small intestine, and large intestine) were blocked paraffin, cut with a 12 µm thickness for Hematoxylin Eosin staining and a 20 µmthickness for immunohistochemical staining against PGP 9.5 (1:500