Summary of habitat characteristics based on concentrations of soil water chemistry using PCA.

Summary of habitat characteristics based on concentrations of soil water chemistry using PCA.</p

Principal component analysis (PCA) plot of eight <i>Myrica gale</i> var. <i>tomentosa</i> populations.

Red arrows indicate the parameters used as variables of soil water chemistry. Black characters indicate the abbreviation of populations in Table 1; Oike: Oike, Po: Po, Ochi: Ochiishi, Bek_C: Bekanbeushi_Center, Bek_E: Bekanabeushi_Edge, Oikan: Oikanamai, Kimon: Kimonto, Benten: Bentennnuma.</p

Leaf characteristics.

Leaf characteristics.</p

Transections of leaves of representative <i>Myrica gale</i>.

Transections of leaves of representative Myrica gale.</p

Standard partial regression coefficient for LMA and AIC based on the GLMs.

Standard partial regression coefficient for LMA and AIC based on the GLMs.</p

Study sites of <i>Myrica gale</i> populations.

Abbreviations of the sites are shown in parentheses. Maps were created using Natural Earth. Free vector and raster map data @ naturalearthdata.com.</p

Fig 4 -

Relationship between thickness of palisade layer per mesophyll layer and sexes (a), mesophyll porosity, PC3, and sexes (b), and δ13C values and PC2 (c). The line and shading indicate the mean and the 95% confidence intervals of GLMs. Red circles and lines: females, blue triangles, lines: males.</p

Summary of chemical analyses of soil water in eight habitats of <i>Myrica gale</i>.

Summary of chemical analyses of soil water in eight habitats of Myrica gale.</p

Schematic overview of the relationship between leaf characteristics and habitat environmental conditions.

Schematic overview of the relationship between leaf characteristics and habitat environmental conditions.</p

Mean leaf mass per leaf area (LMA; μg / cm²), thickness of the palisade layer per mesophyll layer (P/M; mm/mm), and δ¹³C (‰) of male and female leaves in eight habitats of <i>Myrica gale</i>.

(DOCX)</p