The effect of pifithrin-α on DNA synthesis of hepatocytes in the presence of HGF.

<p>Rat hepatocytes were cultured at high density in the same medium as described in the legend of <a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0078346#pone-0078346-g006" target="_blank">Figure 6</a>, except that the medium contained 1 mmol/L BrdU, for 24 hours. An open bar denotes hepatocytes cultured in the absence of HGF. Closed bars denote hepatocytes cultured with pifithrin-α in the presence of 10 ng/mL HGF. A dotted bar denotes hepatocytes cultured with DMSO in the presence of 10 ng/mL HGF. Data are mean ± SEM of eight dishes. *p<0.01 compared with the values treated only with HGF or values treated with HGF and DMSO.</p

Cellular p53 levels in hepatocytes treated with HGF.

<p>Rat hepatocytes were cultured in WE containing 10% FCS and various concentration of HGF for 18 hours. Closed bars denote hepatocytes cultured at high density. Open bars denote hepatocytes cultured at low density. Data are mean ± SEM of four dishes. *p<0.01 compared with the values in the absence of HGF.</p

Cellular p53 and p21 levels in hepatocytes treated with HGF.

<p>Rat hepatocytes were cultured in WE containing 10% FCS and various concentrations of HGF for 18 hours. Open circles denote hepatocytes cultured in the absence of HGF. Dotted open circles denote hepatocytes cultured with 2.5 ng/mL HGF. Dotted closed circles denote hepatocytes cultured with 5 ng/mL HGF. Closed circles denote hepatocytes cultured with 10 ng/mL HGF. (A) Hepatocytes cultured at high density. (B) Hepatocytes cultured at low density.</p

Changes in DNA synthesis of hepatocytes after HGF treatment.

<p>Rat hepatocytes were cultured in WE containing 10% FCS, 10 ng/mL HGF and 0.1 mmol/L BrdU, and were harvested serially. Closed circles denote hepatocytes cultured at high density. Open circles denote hepatocytes cultured at low density. Data are mean ± SEM of eight dishes. *p<0.01 compared with the values cultured for 0 hours.</p

The effect of p21 antisense on DNA synthesis of hepatocytes in the presence of HGF.

<p>Rat hepatocytes were cultured at high density in WE containing 10% FCS, 10 ng/mL HGF, 1 mmol/L BrdU, along with various concentrations of either p21 antisense or nonsense oligonucleotide for 24 hours. An open bar denotes hepatocytes cultured in the absence of HGF. Closed bars denote hepatocytes cultured with p21 antisense oligonucleotide in the presence of 10 ng/mL HGF. A dotted bar denotes hepatocytes cultured with nonsense oligonucleotide in the presence of 10 ng/mL HGF. Data are mean ± SEM of eight dishes. *p<0.05 compared with the values treated only with HGF, and #p<0.01 compared with the values treated with HGF and nonsense oligonucleotide.</p

Cellular p21 levels in hepatocytes treated with HGF.

<p>Rat hepatocytes were cultured in WE containing 10% FCS and various concentration of HGF for 18 hours. Closed bars denote hepatocytes cultured at high density. Open bars denote hepatocytes cultured at low density. Data are mean + SEM of four dishes. *p<0.05 compared with the values in the absence of HGF.</p

Serial changes in p21 protein levels of hepatocytes treated with HGF.

<p>Rat hepatocytes were cultured at high density in WE containing 10% FCS and 10 ng/mL HGF, and were harvested serially. Closed circles denote hepatocytes cultured at high density. Open circles denote hepatocytes cultured at low density. Data are mean ± SEM of four dishes. *p<0.01 compared with the values cultured for 0 hours.</p

Changes in hepatic p21 levels after two thirds partial hepatectomy in rats.

<p>Data are mean ± SEM of four rats. Open and closed circles indicate the hepatic p21 levels in partially hepatectomized rats and in sham-operated rats, respectively. *p<0.05 compared with the values at 0 hour, and #p<0.05 compared with the values of partially hepatectomized rats.</p

Stark Spectroscopy of Absorption and Emission of Indoline Sensitizers: A Correlation with the Performance of Photovoltaic Cells

Electric field effects on photoexcitation dynamics and electronic properties of highly efficient indoline sensitizers, DN488, D205, and DN182, embedded in PMMA films have been examined by using electroabsorption (E-A) and electrophotoluminescence (E-PL) spectroscopic techniques and time-resolved photoluminescence (PL) decay measurements in the presence of electric fields. Photovoltaic performances have been also measured for devices constructed using these sensitizers. Then, field-induced quenching of PL and field-induced change in PL decay profile were observed, and it was found that these field effects, which depend on the sensitizers investigated herein, are well correlated with the trend of power conversion efficiencies of the corresponding photovoltaic cells. Electric dipole moment and molecular polarizability of these sensitizers both in the ground state (S₀) and in the excited state have been calculated at the level of B3LYP/6-31G­(d), and the differences of these physical parameters between S₀ and the excited state thus obtained have been compared with the ones determined from the E-A and E-PL spectra. The present study of Stark spectroscopy of indoline dyes provides new insights for the exciton dissociation property and carrier mobility of organic dyes, which are important factors to understand the operation mechanism in dye-sensitized solar cells