Lewis Acid Template-Catalyzed Asymmetric Diels–Alder Reaction

An asymmetric Diels–Alder reaction of 2,4-dienols and methyl acrylate utilizing a chiral Zn­(II)/Mg­(II) bimetallic template with low catalyst loading was successfully achieved. The bimetallic Lewis acid template derived from (<i>R</i>)-5,5′,6,6′,7,7′,8,8′-octahydro-1,1′-bi-2-naphthol catalyzed the Diels–Alder reaction in the presence of molecular sieves 4 Å to afford various functionalized bicyclic γ-lactones with high enantiomeric purities

Distribution of Oriented Lamellar Structures in Injection-Molded High-Density Polyethylene Visualized via the Small Angle X‑ray Scattering-Computed Tomography Method

Using the SAXS-CT method, which observed the spatial distribution of nanometer-scale structures on a micrometer scale, we investigated the orientation distribution of the lamellar structure of injection-molded HDPE. We reconstructed CT images in the plane perpendicular (X–Y) and the plane parallel to the injection direction (X–Z) from the SAXS intensities corresponding to the period of the lamellar structures. The CT image at a flow speed of 5 mm/s in the X–Y plane showed that the lamellar structures oriented in the injection direction mainly consisted of three layers: the skin layer, the subskin layer, and the core layer, based on their differences in the distribution states. The CT images in the X–Z plane showed that the distribution of the lamellar structures was oriented in the thickness direction in the subskin layer and part of the core layer. Furthermore, we observed the distribution of the lamellar structure oriented in the injection direction with increasing injection speed, v, to evaluate the size change in each layer. The size of the skin layer thickness decreased heterogeneously in the CT images in the X–Y plane from v = 5 up to 40 mm/s. However, the distributions and thickness variations in the subskin and core layers were different from those in the skin layer due to the balance of the elongation, relaxation, and fountain flow effects

List of genes with expression changes in livers of rats fed an iron-deficient diet.

<p>White arrows: up-regulated gene expression, black arrows: down-regulated gene expression, gray arrows: no change.</p

GO terms associated with the genes that were down-regulated in the iron-deficient group.

<p>FDR-corrected <i>P</i>-values were defined by the modified Fisher's exact test with the Benjamini and Hochberg FDR correction. FDR-corrected <i>P</i>-values<0.05 are shaded in gray.</p

Venn diagrams representing the association of down-regulated genes with multiple GO terms.

<p>The resulting complex interdependencies of categories were shared with differentially expressed genes in the case of non-anemic iron deficiency. The genes are represented as gene symbols.</p

GO terms associated with the genes that were up-regulated in the iron-deficient group.

<p>FDR-corrected <i>P</i>-values were defined by the modified Fisher's exact test with the Benjamini and Hochberg FDR correction. FDR-corrected <i>P</i>-values<0.05 are shaded in gray.</p

Total cholesterol, triacylglycerol and total bile acid levels in the liver and total cholesterol, triacylglycerol, glucose and pyruvate levels in serum.

<p>The values represent the mean ± SEM (n = 5).</p

Venn diagrams representing the association of up-regulated genes with multiple GO terms.

<p>The resulting complex interdependencies of categories were shared with differentially expressed genes in the case of non-anemic iron deficiency. The genes are represented as gene symbols.</p

Body weight, liver weight, liver iron, hemoglobin, TIBC, serum iron and serum ferritin levels.

<p>The values represent the mean ± SEM (n = 5).</p>*<p><i>P</i><0.05 and</p>**<p><i>P</i><0.01 for between-diet group differences.</p

Diet composition.

1<p>Avicel PH101: sulfite cellulose.</p>2<p>Mineral mix S18706 formulated according to AIN-93 without ferric citrate.</p>3<p>Vitamin mix V10037 formulated according to AIN-93.</p