第984回千葉医学会例会・第33回肺癌研究施設例会

<p>The baseline (pre) and the peak (post) values of anti-DNA Ab (Farr) (A), IgG-anti-dsDNA Ab (B), IgM-anti-dsDNA Ab (C), and IgG-anti-ssDNA Ab (D). The upper limit normal values are indicated by dashed lines. The post values are the highest titers observed during the follow-up periods. Each dot represents a single serum sample, and the data are presented as mean ± SEM. A paired <i>t</i>-test for intra-group comparison or the Mann-Whitney test for inter-group comparison was used. ns: not significant.</p

Finite Size Effect on Magneto-Optical Responses of Chemically Modified Fe₃O₄ Nanoparticles Studied by MCD Spectroscopy

A magneto-optical study of chemically modified magnetite (Fe₃O₄) nanoparticles is presented with magnetic circular dichroism (MCD) spectroscopy. The magnetite nanoparticles are synthesized using the high-temperature solution reduction of Fe­(III) acetylacetonate in the presence of oleylamine. The size of the magnetite nanoparticles examined is 3–4 or 7–8 nm. In contrast to broad and featureless UV–vis–NIR absorption spectra for these magnetite nanoparticles, the MCD responses are much more structured. MCD essentially corresponds to electronic transitions in the absorption spectrum, so to decode electronic transitions in the magnetite nanoparticles and to compare them with those in the bulk phase, simultaneous deconvolution analyses of both the electronic absorption and MCD spectra are conducted, giving accurate transition energies with enhanced spectral resolution. The decomposed transitions are successfully assigned on the basis of the theoretical band structure calculations previously reported. Then the relative absorption and MCD intensities of some deconvoluted bands associated with LMCT or ISCT transitions are found to be size dependent, which can be due to partial surface hydration and/or oxidation of the magnetite nanoparticles. We also compare the magneto-optical responses of magnetite nanoparticles and those of bulk Fe₃O₄ calculated

A comparison of size measurements for the brain and suboesophageal ganglion (SOG) of the cranial central nervous system (CNS) of soldier (<i>S</i>) and pseudergate (<i>PE</i>) castes in the damp-wood termite <i>Hodotermopsis sjostedti</i>.

<p>A, B: Anterior view of CNS from a soldier (A) and a pseudergate (B). C, D: Dorsal view of SOG from a soldier (C) and a pseudergate (D). Anterior end of SOG facing up (C, D). Scale bars indicate 1 mm (in A and B) and 0.5 mm (in C and D). e: The size comparison of brain width (Brain W), brain length (Brain L), suboesophageal ganglion width (SOG W), and suboesophageal ganglion length (SOG L) shown as a mean±SD (n = 10). F: Size comparison of the mandibular nerve (MdN) and maxillar nerve (MxN) shown as a mean±SD (n = 10). The size of the SOG from soldiers is larger than those from pseudergates. Moreover, the mandibular nerve of soldiers is thicker than it is in pseudergates. Asterisks indicate significant differences in the size between soldiers and pseudergates (Student's T-test: ***p<0.001).</p

Size comparisons of MdMNs between soldiers and pseudergates in <i>H. sjostedti</i> (n = 5 for each caste).

<p>The areas of MdMN somata were measured and averaged, and MdMNs of soldiers were found to be twice as large as those of pseudergates. As opposed to the distinctive size difference in MdMNs (***p<0.001, Student-T test), the maxillary motor neurons show no significant difference in size (p>0.01, Student's T-test).</p

The mandibular motor neurons (MdMNs) stained by the retrograde tracing from the mandibular closer muscles of a soldier (A–D) and a pseudergate (E–H) in <i>H. sjostedti</i>.

<p>The somata of MdMNs are located in the anterior region of the SOG and constitute the anterior cluster which contained 5 neurons (colored in grey), and the posterior cluster which contained 12 neurons (colored in black). Confocal images (A, E) and schematic images (B, F) in the dorsal view are shown. Anterior end of SOG facing up (A, B, E, F). Confocal images (C, G) and schematic images (D, H) in the lateral view are also shown. Anterior is right (C, D, G, H). Scale bars in A, C, E and G show 200 µm and those in B, D, F and H show 100 µm. Asterisks indicate mandibular nerves.</p

The size distributions of MdMNs in <i>N. takasagoensis</i> (A) and <i>H. sjostedti</i> (B).

<p>While the MdMNs exhibited a unimodal distribution in minor workers of <i>N. takasagoensis</i> (A) and in soldiers and pseudergates of <i>H. sjostedti</i> (B), the MdMNs in <i>N. takasagoensis</i> soldiers exhibited a bimodal distribution (A), indicating there are two size groups. Inset (A) shows a schematic lateral image of MdMNs in an <i>N. takasagoensis</i> soldier. Scale bar represents 100 µm.</p

The size comparisons between soldiers and workers in other species belonging to various termite families (n = 4 for each caste in <i>Coptotermes formosanus</i> and n = 5 for each caste in other termite species).

<p>The areas of MdMN somata were measured and averaged. The enlargement of MdMNs was generally recognized in all termite lineages. The size differences between soldiers and workers (pseudergates) were significant in all of the species examined (**p<0.005 and ***p<0.001, Student's T-test). The dendrogram of termites is based on Eggleton et al. <a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0002617#pone.0002617-Eggleton1" target="_blank">[37]</a>.</p

The transition of MdMN size during the course of soldier differentiation in <i>H. sjodtedti</i> (n = 5 for each caste).

<p>The areas of MdMN somata were measured and averaged. The MdMNs were already enlarged before the presoldier molt, initially decreasing in size, before attaining the maximum size after differentiation. The different letters on the error bars indicate significant differences among stages/castes (one-way ANOVA followed by the Tukey-Kramer test, p<0.05).</p

Statistical comparison of the TA/OA-l-ir-soma sizes between soldiers and pseudergates (see also Fig 2).

<p>Statistical comparison of the TA/OA-l-ir-soma sizes between soldiers and pseudergates (see also <a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0154230#pone.0154230.g002" target="_blank">Fig 2</a>).</p

Comparison of TA/OA-l-ir neuronal clusters of termite, locust (1, 2) and cockroach (3).

<p>Comparison of TA/OA-l-ir neuronal clusters of termite, locust (1, 2) and cockroach (3).</p