Supplemental Material - Chinese diaspora caregivers’ experiences in dementia care in high-income countries: A systematic review

Supplemental Material for Chinese diaspora caregivers’ experiences in dementia care in high-income countries: A systematic review by Yujing Zhang, Lily Xiao, and Jing Wang in Dementia</p

Effect of initial total solids concentration on volatile fatty acid production from food waste during anaerobic acidification

<div><p>The effect of initial total solids (TS) concentration on volatile fatty acid (VFAs) production from food waste under mesophilic conditions (35 °C) was determined. VFAs concentration and composition, biogas production, soluble chemical oxygen demand concentration, TS and volatile solids (VS) reduction, and ammonia nitrogen release were investigated. The VFAs concentrations were 26.10, 39.68, 59.58, and 62.64 g COD/L at TS contents of 40, 70, 100, and 130 g/L, respectively. While the VFAs’ yields ranged from 0.467 to 0.799 g COD/g VS_fed, decreased as initial TS increased. The percentage of propionate was not affected by TS concentration, accounting for 30.19–34.86% of the total VFAs, while a higher percentage of butyrate and lower percentage of acetate was achieved at a higher TS concentration. Biogas included mainly hydrogen and carbon dioxide and the maximum hydrogen yield of 148.9 ml/g VS_fed was obtained at 130 g TS/L. concentration, TS and VS reductions increased as initial TS increased. Considering the above variables, we conclude that initial TS of 100 g/L shall be the most appropriate to VFAs production.</p></div

Hydroxyl Group-Regulated Active Nano-Pd/C Catalyst Generation via in Situ Reduction of Pd(NH₃)_<i>x</i>Cl_<i>y</i>/C for <i>N</i>‑Formylation of Amines with CO₂/H₂

The reductive <i>N</i>-formylation of amines using CO₂ and hydrogen is a promising means of incorporating CO₂ into value-added chemicals. To date, there has been a lack of heterogeneous catalyst systems that are sufficiently active and selective for <i>N</i>-formylation of primary amines with CO₂ and H₂. For the first time, we report that a highly active palladium nanoparticle supported on an hydroxyl group-functionalized carbon material has been designed for the <i>N</i>-formylation of aliphatic primary amines with CO₂ and H₂. XPS, XRD, FT-Raman, and TEM characterizations revealed the adsorbing of Pd­(NH₃)_<i>x</i>Cl<i>_y</i> onto the carbon support during catalyst preparation, followed by in situ reduction to generate active nano-Pd particles. The catalytic activity of the Pd/C catalysts can be tuned efficiently by the hydroxyl group, which can modulate the hydrophilic/hydrophobic properties of the carbon surface, and promote the adsorption of CO₂ and the amines near the Pd sites. The results described here may promote the design of an active catalyst for CO₂ recycling and <i>N</i>-formyl amine synthesis

3-aryl-4-(3,4,5-trimethoxyphenyl)pyridines inhibit tubulin polymerisation and act as anticancer agents

A series of cis-restricted 3-aryl-4-(3,4,5-trimethoxyphenyl)pyridines as novel tubulin polymerisation inhibitors was designed based on molecular docking. Compound 9p, exhibited potent antiproliferative activity against HeLa, MCF-7, and A549 cell lines. Mechanism studies indicated that 9p potently inhibited tubulin polymerisation and disrupted the microtubule dynamics of tubulin in HeLa cells. Moreover, 9p could cause G2/M phase cell cycle arrest and apoptosis in HeLa cells. In addition, the prediction of physicochemical properties disclosed that 9p conformed well to the Lipinski’s rule of five. The initial results suggest that the 3-aryl-4-(3,4,5-trimethoxyphenyl)pyridines could serve as a promising scaffold for the development of novel anticancer drugs.</p

Pitfalls in Experimental Designs for Characterizing the Transcriptional, Methylational and Copy Number Changes of Oncogenes and Tumor Suppressor Genes

<div><p>Background</p><p>It is a common practice that researchers collect a set of samples without discriminating the mutants and their wild-type counterparts to characterize the transcriptional, methylational and/or copy number changes of pre-defined candidate oncogenes or tumor suppressor genes (TSGs), although some examples are known that carcinogenic mutants may express and function completely differently from their wild-type counterparts.</p> <p>Principal Findings</p><p>Based on various high-throughput data without mutation information for typical cancer types, we surprisingly found that about half of known oncogenes (or TSGs) pre-defined by mutations were down-regulated (or up-regulated) and hypermethylated (or hypomethylated) in their corresponding cancer types. Therefore, the overall expression and/or methylation changes of genes detected in a set of samples without discriminating the mutants and their wild-type counterparts cannot indicate the carcinogenic roles of the mutants. We also found that about half of known oncogenes were located in deletion regions, whereas all known TSGs were located in deletion regions. Thus, both oncogenes and TSGs may be located in deletion regions and thus deletions can indicate TSGs only if the gene is found to be deleted as a whole. In contrast, amplifications are restricted to oncogenes and thus can be used to support either the dysregulated wild-type gene or its mutant as an oncogene.</p> <p>Conclusions</p><p>We demonstrated that using the transcriptional, methylational and/or copy number changes without mutation information to characterize oncogenes and TSGs, which is a currently still widely adopted strategy, will most often produce misleading results. Our analysis highlights the importance of evaluating expression, methylation and copy number changes together with gene mutation data in the same set of samples in order to determine the distinct roles of the mutants and their wild-type counterparts.</p> </div

Consolidation Radiotherapy in Stage IE- IIE, Non-Bulky Primary Gastric Diffuse Large B-Cell Lymphoma with Post-Chemotherapy Complete Remission

<div><p>Background</p><p>To investigate the effects of consolidation radiation in patients with stage IE-IIE, non-bulky primary gastric diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL).</p><p>Methods</p><p>A cohort consisted of 71 consecutive patients with stage IE-IIE, non-bulky primary gastric DLBCL was retrospectively analyzed. All of them had been in complete remission after receiving at least four cycles of chemotherapy, containing rituximab or not. Consolidation radiation was delivered thereafter in 28 patients while other 43 received clinical observation only. Locoregional relapse-free survival (LRFS), disease-free survival (DFS), overall survival (OS) and distant metastasis-free survival (DMFS) were compared between patients with or without radiotherapy.</p><p>Results</p><p>The 10-year LRFS, DFS, OS and DMFS were 100% and 81.4% (<i>p</i> = 0.028), 91.7% and 77.1% (<i>p</i> = 0.14), 91.7% and 77.8% (<i>p</i> = 0.67), 91.7% and 78.0% (<i>p</i> = 0.42) for patients with or without radiotherapy.</p><p>Conclusions</p><p>Radiotherapy is associated with improved locoregional control of patients with early stage primary gastric DLBCL, who have achieved complete remission following at least four cycles of chemotherapy.</p></div

Distant metastasis-free survival of patients with or without radiotherapy.

<p>Distant metastasis-free survival of patients with or without radiotherapy.</p

Baseline clinico-pathologic characteristics.

<p>GCB = germinal center B; LDH = lactate dehydrogenase; IPI = international prognostic index; PS = Performance Status; CT = chemotherapy; CR = complete remission; RT = radiotherapy; CHOP = cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin, oncovin, prednisone; R = rituximab; 3D-CRT = three-dimensional conformal radiotherapy; IMRT = intensity modulated radiotherapy.</p><p>Baseline clinico-pathologic characteristics.</p

Disease-free survival of patients with or without radiotherapy.

<p>Disease-free survival of patients with or without radiotherapy.</p

DataSheet1_Design, synthesis and biological evaluation of 9-aryl-5H-pyrido[4,3-b]indole derivatives as potential tubulin polymerization inhibitors.pdf

A series of new 9-aryl-5H-pyrido[4,3-b]indole derivatives as tubulin polymerization inhibitors were designed, synthesized, and evaluated for antitumor activity. All newly prepared compounds were tested for their anti-proliferative activity in vitro against three different cancer cells (SGC-7901, HeLa, and MCF-7). Among the designed compounds, compound 7k displayed the strongest anti-proliferative activity against HeLa cells with IC50 values of 8.7 ± 1.3 μM. In addition, 7k could inhibit the polymerization of tubulin and disrupt the microtubule network of cells. Further mechanism studies revealed that 7k arrested cell cycle at the G2/M phase and induced apoptosis in a dose-dependent manner. Molecular docking analysis confirmed that 7k may bind to colchicine binding sites on microtubules. Our study aims to provide a new strategy for the development of antitumor drugs targeting tubulin.</p