3 research outputs found
Mechanistic Insights into Hydration of Solid Oxides
Some of the solid
oxide materials, used in solid oxide fuel and
electrolysis cells, are known to conduct protons once they are hydrated.
However, the mechanisms by which solid oxide materials get hydrated
is not clear. By performing detailed density functional theory calculations,
we investigate hydration of two typical solid oxides with a single-crystal
structureî—¸a proton-conducting yttrium-doped strontium zirconate
(SZY) and an oxide ion-conducting yttria-stabilized zirconia (YSZ).
We suggest a four-step process to understand the hydration of solid
oxidesî—¸water adsorption on the surface, proton migration from
the surface to bulk, proton migration in the bulk, and oxide ion vacancy
migration in the bulk. The hydroxide ion migration with a lower energy
barrier, compared to the proton hopping mechanism, is proposed for
the conduction of proton between the surface and subsurface of the
perovskite oxide. Our analysis provides mechanistic insights into
the hydration of single-crystal SZY and nonhydration of single-crystal
YSZ. The study presented here not only explains the hydration of materials
but also provides the importance of structural rearrangement when
a proton is incorporated into the bulk of the solid oxide material
MOESM1 of Methane potentials of wastewater generated from hydrothermal liquefaction of rice straw: focusing on the wastewater characteristics and microbial community compositions
Additional file 1: Table S1. Characteristics of rice straw and the following line is standard error of each value; Table S2. Number of the high-quality sequences; Figure S1. COD, TOC and pH values of HTLWW samples under different HTL conditions; Figure S2. Comparison of methane production potentials of samples 200 °C–0.5 h, 260 °C–0.5 h and 200 °C–4 h
Doping-Induced Tunable Wettability and Adhesion of Graphene
We report that substrate doping-induced
charge carrier density modulation leads to the tunable wettability
and adhesion of graphene. Graphene’s water contact angle changes
by as much as 13° as a result of a 300 meV change in doping level.
Upon either n- or p-type doping with subsurface polyelectrolytes,
graphene exhibits increased hydrophilicity. Adhesion force measurements
using a hydrophobic self-assembled monolayer-coated atomic force microscopy
probe reveal enhanced attraction toward undoped graphene, consistent
with wettability modulation. This doping-induced wettability modulation
is also achieved via a lateral metal–graphene heterojunction
or subsurface metal doping. Combined first-principles and atomistic
calculations show that doping modulates the binding energy between
water and graphene and thus increases its hydrophilicity. Our study
suggests for the first time that the doping-induced modulation of
the charge carrier density in graphene influences its wettability
and adhesion. This opens up unique and new opportunities for the tunable
wettability and adhesion of graphene for advanced coating materials
and transducers