Clinical outcomes of closed, displaced phalangeal neck fractures in children with different types of kirschner wire fixation: A retrospective observational study

ObjectivesInappropriate treatment of Closed displaced phalangeal neck fractures (CDPNF) in children usually leads to poor outcomes.This study was to evaluate the clinical outcomes of closed/open reduction, age, and different types of fracture and Kirschner wire (K-wire) fixation in the treatment of CDPNF.Materials and methodsParticipants: Sixty patients (male, 46 and female,14; right-handed, 35 and left-handed, 25; mean age, 7.9-years-old [range, 1.0–14.5 years]) who had CDPNF were included. Preoperative x-rays showed that the fractures were displaced and exhibited obvious deformities. Interventions: First, reduction (four cases of open reduction and 56 cases of closed reduction) was performed followed by percutaneous K-wire fixation (cross fixation, 24 cases; longitudinal and slanting fixation, 17 cases; homolateral fixation, four cases; and single longitudinal fixation, 15 cases,) and immobilized by cast. x-ray examination following removal of the K-wires showed that the fractures were healed; the criteria for fracture healing were callus formation and the absence of fracture lines. Clinical outcome and radiographs between groups were compared.ResultsAccording to the visual analogue scale, the pain scores were excellent. According to the Al-Qattan Grade system(AGS),all the patients presented with closed, type II phalangeal neck fractures,the results were excellent in 36 cases (36/60, 60%), good in 15 cases (15/60, 25%), fair in 5 cases (5/60, 8.3%) and poor in 4 cases (4/60, 6.7%). There were significant differences in different fracture type groups (P = 0.013*), operation age groups (P = 0.025*) and open/closed reduction groups (P = 0.042*). There was no significant difference in K-wire fixation type groups (P > 0.05).ConclusionsPatients with open reduction, the more serious fracture type, the older at the operation, were more likely to have poor AGS result. Different K-wire fixation types for CDPNF in children had the same satisfactory results

Genome-Wide Analysis of Lung Adenocarcinoma Identifies Novel Prognostic Factors and a Prognostic Score

Background and ObjectiveLung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) is the most common histological type of all lung cancers and is associated with genetic and epigenetic aberrations. The tumor, node, and metastasis (TNM) stage is the most authoritative indicator of the clinical outcome in LUAD patients in current clinical practice. In this study, we attempted to identify novel genetic and epigenetic modifications and integrate them as a predictor of the prognosis for LUAD, to supplement the TNM stage with additional information.MethodsA dataset of 445 patients with LUAD was obtained from The Cancer Genome Atlas database. Both genetic and epigenetic aberrations were screened for their prognostic impact on overall survival (OS). A prognostic score (PS) integrating all the candidate prognostic factors was then developed and its prognostic value validated.ResultsA total of two micro-RNAs, two mRNAs and two DNA methylation sites were identified as prognostic factors associated with OS. The low- and high-risk patient groups, divided by their PS level, showed significantly different OS (p < 0.001) and recurrence-free survival (RFS; p = 0.005). Patients in the early stages (stages I/II) and advanced stages (stages III/IV) of LUAD could be further subdivided by PS into four subgroups. PS remained efficient in stratifying patients into different OS (p < 0.001) and RFS (p = 0.005) when the low- and high-risk subgroups were in the early stages of the disease. However, there was only a significant difference in OS (p = 0.04) but not RFS (p = 0.2), between the low-risk and high-risk subgroups when both were in advanced stages.ConclusionPS, in combination with the TNM stage, provides additional precision in stratifying patients with significantly different OS and RFS prognoses. Further studies are warranted to assess the efficiency of PS and to explain the effects of the genetic and epigenetic aberrations observed in LUAD

Existence and multiplicity of solutions for critical Kirchhoff-Choquard equations involving the fractional pp-Laplacian on the Heisenberg group

In this paper, we study existence and multiplicity of solutions for the following Kirchhoff-Choquard type equation involving the fractional $p$-Laplacian on the Heisenberg group: $M(|u|_mu^{p})(mu(-Delta)^{s}_{p}u+V(xi)|u|^{p-2}u)= f(xi,u)+int_{mathbb{H}^N}frac{|u(eta)|^{Q_lambda^{ast}}}{|eta^{-1}xi|^lambda}deta|u|^{Q_lambda^{ast}-2}u$ in $mathbb{H}^N$, where $(-Delta)^{s}_{p}$ is the fractional $p$-Laplacian on the Heisenberg group $mathbb{H}^N$, $M$ is the Kirchhoff function, $V(xi)$ is the potential function, $0 0$, $f(xi,u)$ is the nonlinear function, $0 < lambda < Q$, $Q=2N+2$, and $Q_lambda^{ast}=frac{2Q-lambda}{Q-2}$ is the Sobolev critical exponent. Using the Krasnoselskii genus theorem, the existence of infinitely many solutions is obtained if $mu$ is sufficiently large. In addition, using the fractional version of the concentrated compactness principle, we prove that problem has $m$ pairs of solutions if $mu$ is sufficiently small. As far as we know, the results of our study are new even in the Euclidean case

On the pp-fractional Schrödinger-Kirchhoff equations with electromagnetic fields and the Hardy-Littlewood-Sobolev nonlinearity

In this article, we deal with the following $p$-fractional Schrödinger-Kirchhoff equations with electromagnetic fields and the Hardy-Littlewood-Sobolev nonlinearity: $Mleft([u]_{s,A}^{p}right)(-Delta)_{p, A}^{s} u+V(x)|u|^{p-2} u=lambdaleft(int_limits{mathbb{R}^{N}} frac{|u|^{p_{mu, s}^{*}}}{|x-y|^{mu}} mathrm{d}yright)|u|^{p_{mu, s}^{*}-2} u+k|u|^{q-2}u, x in mathbb{R}^{N},$ where $0 < s < 1 < p$, $ps < N$, $p < q < 2p^{*}_{s,mu}$, $0 < mu < N$, $lambda$ and $k$ are some positive parameters, $p^{*}_{s,mu}=frac{pN-pfrac{mu}{2}}{N-ps}$ is the critical exponent with respect to the Hardy-Littlewood-Sobolev inequality, and functions $V$, $M$ satisfy the suitable conditions. By proving the compactness results using the fractional version of concentration compactness principle, we establish the existence of nontrivial solutions to this problem

On the Schrödinger–Poisson system with (p,q)(p, q)–Laplacian

We study a class of Schrödinger–Poisson systems with $(p,q)$–Laplacian. Using fixed point theory, we obtain a new existence result for nontrivial solutions. The main novelty of the paper is the combination of a double phase operator and the nonlocal term. Our results generalize some known results

On pp-Laplacian Kirchhoff-Schrödinger-Poisson type systems with critical growth on the Heisenberg group

In this article, we investigate the Kirchhoff-Schrödinger-Poisson type systems on the Heisenberg group of the following form: begin{cases} {-(a+bint_{Omega}|nabla_{H} u|^{p}dxi)Delta_{H, p}u-muphi |u|^{p-2}u} = lambda |u|^{q-2}u+|u|^{Q^{ast}-2}u & mbox{in} Omega, \ -Delta_{H}phi = |u|^{p} & mbox{in} Omega, \ u = phi = 0 & mbox{on} partialOmega, end{cases} where $a, b$ are positive real numbers, $Omegasubset mathbb{H}^N$ is a bounded region with smooth boundary, $1 < p < Q$, $Q = 2N + 2$ is the homogeneous dimension of the Heisenberg group $mathbb{H}^N$, $Q^{ast} = frac{pQ}{Q-p}$, $qin(2p, Q^{ast})$ and $Delta_{H, p}u = mbox{div}(|nabla_{H} u|^{p-2}nabla_{H} u)$ is the $p$-horizontal Laplacian. Under some appropriate conditions for the parameters $mu$ and $lambda$, we establish existence and multiplicity results for the system above. To some extent, we generalize the results of An and Liu (Israel J. Math., 2020) and Liu et al. (Adv. Nonlinear Anal., 2022)

A Machine Learning Approach for Air-Quality Forecast by Integrating GNSS Radio Occultation Observation and Weather Modeling

Air-quality monitoring and forecasting are crucial for atmosphere pollution control and management. We propose an innovative data-driven framework for air quality index (AQI) prediction by integrating GNSS radio occultation (GNSS-RO) observation and weather modeling. Empowered by the state-of-the-art machine learning approach, our method can effectively predict regional AQI with a comparable accuracy much more quickly than the traditional numerical modeling and simulation approach. In a real case study using a representative region of China, our data-driven approach achieves a 2000 times speedup; meanwhile, the prediction error measured by rRMSE is only 2.4%. We investigate further the effects of different models, hyperparameters, and meteorological factors on the performance of our AQI prediction framework, and reveal that wind field and atmospheric boundary-layer height are important influencing factors of AQI. This paper showcases a direct application of GNSS-RO observation in assisting in forecasting regional AQI. From a machine learning point of view, it provides a new way to leverage the unique merits of GNSS atmospheric remote sensing technology with the help of the more traditional weather forecasting modeling approach

A Real-Time Prediction Approach to Deep Soil Moisture Combining GNSS-R Data and a Water Movement Model in Unsaturated Soil

Deep soil moisture data have wide applications in fields such as engineering construction and agricultural production. Therefore, achieving the real-time monitoring of deep soil moisture is of significant importance. Current soil monitoring methods face challenges in conducting the large-scale, real-time monitoring of deep soil moisture. This paper innovatively proposes a real-time prediction approach to deep soil moisture combining GNSS-R data and a water movement model in unsaturated soil. This approach, built upon surface soil moisture data retrieved from GNSS-R signal inversion, integrates soil–water characteristics and soil moisture values at a depth of 1 m. By employing a deep soil moisture content prediction model, it provides predictions of soil moisture at depths from 0 to 1 m, thus realizing the large-scale, real-time dynamic monitoring of deep soil moisture. The proposed approach was validated in a study area in Goodwell, Texas County, Oklahoma, USA. Predicted values of soil moisture at a randomly selected location in the study area at depths of 0.1 m, 0.2 m, 0.5 m, and 1 m were compared with ground truth values for the period from 25 October to 19 November 2023. The results indicated that the relative error (δ) was controlled within the range of ±14%. The mean square error (MSE) ranged from 2.90 × 10−5 to 1.88 × 10−4, and the coefficient of determination (R2) ranged from 82.45% to 89.88%, indicating an overall high level of fitting between the predicted values and ground truth data. This validates the feasibility of the proposed approach, which has the potential to play a crucial role in agricultural production, geological disaster management, engineering construction, and heritage site preservation