The management of obstructive sleep apnea accompanied with mandibular retrognathia across the lifespan from orthodontic perspective

Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is a complex disease with complex etiology, which requires multidisciplinary cooperation in diagnosis and treatment. Mandibular retrognathia is strongly associated with OSA. Orthodontists can either correct the mandibular retrognathia of pediatric OSA via various kinds of orthodontic appliances, following adenoidectomy and tonsillectomy, or enlarge upper airway by mandibular advancement device (MAD) through repositioning the mandible and tongue of adult OSA patients. This mini review was to investigate the therapy of MAD to adult OSA as well as orthodontic treatment to pediatric OSA

The molecular pathology of genioglossus in obstructive sleep apnea

Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is a sleep respiratory disease characterized by sleep snoring accompanied by apnea and daytime sleeplessness. It is a complex disease, with the multifactorial etiology, and the pathology is incompletely understood. Genioglossus (GG), the largest dilator of upper airway, whose fatigue is strongly correlated to onset of OSA. This brief review was to investigate the pathogenesis of OSA targeting on GG from different risk factors as gender, obesity, and aging, and the molecular mechanism of GG injury in OSA pathogenesis. We hope to find the targeted molecular mechanism on GG in OSA treatment

New clinical developments in histone deacetylase inhibitors for epigenetic therapy of cancer

DNA methylation and histone acetylation are two well known epigenetic chromatin modifications. Epigenetic agents leading to DNA hypomethylation and histone hyperacetylation have been approved for treatment of hematological disorders. The first histone deacetylase inhibitor, vorinostat, has been licensed for cutaneous T cell lymphoma treatment. More than 11 new epigenetic agents are in various stages of clinical development for therapy of multiple cancer types. In this review we summarize novel histone deacetylase inhibitors and new regimens from clinical trials for epigenetic therapy of cancer

Novel agents and regimens for acute myeloid leukemia: 2009 ASH annual meeting highlights

Prognostic markers, such as NPM1, Flt3-ITD, and cytogenetic abnormalities have made it possible to formulate aggressive treatment plans for unfavorable acute myeloid leukemia (AML). However, the long-term survival of AML with unfavorable factors remains unsatisfactory. The latest data indicate that the standard dose of daunorubicin (DNR) at 45 mg/m2 is inferior to high dose 90 mg/m2 for induction therapy. The rates of complete remission and overall survival are significantly better in the high dose induction regimen. New regimens exploring the new liposomal encapsulation of Ara-C and DNR as well as addition of gemtuzumab ozogamicin monoclonal antibody have been studied. New agents, including the nucleoside analogues (clofarabine, sapacitabine, elacytarabine), FLT3 inhibitor (sorafenib), farnesyl-transferase inhibitor (tipifarnib), histone deacetylase inhibitor (vorinostat), lenalidomide, as well as DNA methyltransferase inhibitors (decitabine, azacitidine), were recently reported for AML treatment in the 2009 ASH annual meeting. This review also summarizes the updates of the clinical trials on novel agents including voreloxin, AS1413, behenoylara-C, ARRY520, ribavirin, AZD1152, AZD6244, and terameprocol (EM-1421) from the 2009 ASH annual meeting

Effect of fibers on the temperature field and radialdeformation behavior of self-compacting concrete pipesunder cyclic fire condition

In this paper, the radial deformation of fiber reinforced self-compacting con-crete (SCC) pipes under cyclic fire conditions is studied. A series of experimen-tal study on the temperature fields and radial deformation properties of steelmesh, polypropylene fiber (PP fiber), and macro steel fiber (SF) reinforcedSCC pipes subjected to fire is carried out. A novel method for measuring thedeformation of pipes under high temperature has been proposed. The resultsindicate that both micro PP fiber and macro SF are effective in decreasing thetemperature difference and reducing the radial deformation in each thermalcycle. A significant positive synergistic effect on decreasing the residual radialdeformation can be achieved by combined use of macro SF and micro PP fiber.The elastic theory is used to estimate the elastic portion in the total radialdeformation, and the elastic radial deformation is about 22.3% of the maxi-mum radial deformation in the first thermal cycle. Based on the elastic calcula-tion and observed experimental results, a simplified method for estimating themaximum radial deformation in the first thermal cycle is proposed.National Natural Science Foundation of China, Grant/Award Number: 5157810

Effect of miller cycle and fuel injection strategy on performance of marine diesel engine

Computational fluid dynamics (CFD) is used to investigate the performance of a large two-stroke marine diesel engine. The simulated model is validated with experimental data. The in-cylinder pressure of the simulated model is in agreement with the experimental data. The errors of NOx and CO2 emissions are also within the accepted range. The effect of Miller cycle, injection sequence and pilot injection on combustion and emissions are investigated using this model. The results show that the in-cylinder pressure decreases with deeper Miller cycle level. However, NOx emissions are reduced only slightly to 8.95 g/kWh. This decrease in NOx emissions does not satisfy the requirements of Tier III. We also found that the injection interval angle between two injectors decreases the combustion pressure. However, the indicated specific fuel consumption is 7.3 g/kWh higher than the base value, when the injection interval angle is 8 °CA. Appropriate pilot injection strategy can decrease NOx emissions and indicated specific fuel consumption, such as P10I5. However, NOx emissions are not reduced sufficiently to meet the requirements of Tier III

Hypoacetylation, Hypomethylation, and Dephosphorylation of H2B Histones and Excessive Histone Deacetylase Activity in DU-145 Prostate Cancer Cells

BACKGROUND: Hypoacetylation on histone H3 of human prostate cancer cells has been described. Little is known about the modifications of other histones from prostate cancer cells. METHODS: Histones were isolated from the prostate cancer cell line DU-145 and the non-malignant prostatic cell line RC170N/h. Post-translational modifications of histone H2B were determined by liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS)/MS. RESULTS: The histone H2B of the prostate cancer cell line DU-145 was found to have hypoacetylation, hypomethylation, and dephosphorylation as compared to the non-malignant prostatic cell line RC170N/h. H2B regained acetylation on multiple lysine residues, phosphorylation on Thr19, and methylation on Lys23 and Lys43 in the DU-145 cells after sodium butyrate treatment. CONCLUSIONS: The histone H2B of DU-145 prostate cancer cells are hypoacetylated, hypomethylated, and dephosphorylated. Histone deacetylase inhibitor reversed this phenotype. Epigenetic agent may therefore be useful for prostate cancer therapy and worth further investigation