High Temperature in Combination with UV Irradiation Enhances Horizontal Transfer of stx2 Gene from E. coli O157:H7 to Non-Pathogenic E. coli

Background: Shiga toxin (stx) genes have been transferred to numerous bacteria, one of which is E. coli O157:H7. It is a common belief that stx gene is transferred by bacteriophages, because stx genes are located on lambdoid prophages in the E. coli O157:H7 genome. Both E. coli O157:H7 and non-pathogenic E. coli are highly enriched in cattle feedlots. We hypothesized that strong UV radiation in combination with high temperature accelerates stx gene transfer into nonpathogenic E. coli in feedlots. Methodology/Principal Findings: E. coli O157:H7 EDL933 strain were subjected to different UV irradiation (0 or 0.5 kJ/m 2) combination with different temperature (22, 28, 30, 32, and 37uC) treatments, and the activation of lambdoid prophages was analyzed by plaque forming unit while induction of Stx2 prophages was quantified by quantitative real-time PCR. Data showed that lambdoid prophages in E. coli O157:H7, including phages carrying stx2, were activated under UV radiation, a process enhanced by elevated temperature. Consistently, western blotting analysis indicated that the production of Shiga toxin 2 was also dramatically increased by UV irradiation and high temperature. In situ colony hybridization screening indicated that these activated Stx2 prophages were capable of converting laboratory strain of E. coli K12 into new Shiga toxigenic E. coli, which were further confirmed by PCR and ELISA analysis. Conclusions/Significance: These data implicate that high environmental temperature in combination with UV irradiatio

Diaqua­bis(cyclo­hexa­necarboxyl­ato)zinc(II) monohydrate

In the title compound, [Zn(C7H11O2)2(H2O)2]·H2O, the ZnII atom (site symmetry ) is four-coordinated by two O atoms from the cyclo­hexa­necarboxyl­ate anions and two O atoms from the water mol­ecules, forming a slightly distorted square-planar coordination. The O atom of the uncoordinated water mol­ecule lies on a crysatllographic twofold rotation axis. In the crystal, the components are linked by O—H⋯O hydrogen bonds, forming a three-dimensional network

Poly[[tetraaqua­bis(μ3-1H-benzimidazole-5,6-dicarboxyl­ato)dicobalt(II)] trihydrate]

The title complex, {[Co2(C9H4N2O4)2(H2O)4]·3H2O}n, was synthesized hydro­thermally. The unique CoII ion is coordin­ated in a distorted octa­hedral coordination environment by two water mol­ecules and three symmetry-related 1H-benzimid­azole-5,6-dicarboxyl­ate (Hbidc) ligands. The Hbidc ligands coordinate via a bis-chelating and mono-chelating carboxyl­ate group and by an imidazole group N atom, bridging the CoII ions and forming an extended two-dimensional structure in the ab plane. In the crystal structure, inter­molecular N—H⋯O and O—H⋯O hydrogen bonds connect complex and solvent water mol­ecules, forming a three-dimensional supermolecular network. One of the solvent water mol­ecules lies on a twofold rotation axis

羊水栓塞合并DIC、多脏器功能衰竭1例的ICU护理体会

Objective: To summarize nursing experience of amniotic fluid embolism and a series of serious complications during natural birth. Methods: In August 2013, our hospital successfully treated patients with amniotic fluid embolism a, summarize the nursing measures. Results: By ICU nurses of intensive care patients turn to ordinary ward, in a stable condition after discharged from hospital. Conclusion: Taking positive measures to care patients with severe complications are the key to get better.目的  总结顺产发生羊水栓塞及一系列严重并发症的护理体会。方法  2013年8月本院成功救治1例羊水栓塞患者，总结其护理措施。结果  通过ICU护士的精心护理患者转入普通病房，病情稳定后出院。结论  采取积极的措施治疗护理各严重并发症是患者病情好转的关键

High-frequency monitoring reveals how hydrochemistry and dissolved carbon respond to rainstorms at a karstic critical zone, Southwestern China

Hydrochemical behavior and dissolved carbon dynamics are highly-sensitive to hydrological variations in the monsoon-influenced karstic critical zone which has high chemical weathering rates and experiences strong anthropogenic impact. Continuous high-frequency monitoring in the spring outlet of a karstic catchment in Southwestern China revealed that most hydrochemical variables changed distinctively in response to hydrologic variations, influenced by mixing of different sources and miscellaneous biogeochemical processes. Na+, K+ and SO42− varied significantly with hydrology, showing weak chemostatic behavior controlled by dilution. The flushing effect and random behavior of NO3− and Cl− likely reflect agricultural inputs from high throughflow. Soil CO2 in infiltrated water supports carbonate weathering, enabling DIC (dissolved inorganic carbon) and weathering products (e.g., Ca2+ and Mg2+) to maintain chemostatic behavior. Biogenic DIC exhibited a stronger chemostatic response than carbonate sources and was the foremost control in DIC behavior. Carbon exchange between DIC and DOC (dissolved organic carbon) did not significantly influence DIC concentration and δ13C due to very low DOC concentration. More DOC was exported by flushing from increasing discharge. Hysteretic analysis indicated that the transport processes were controlled by proximal sources mixing and diverse mobilization in various periods responding to rainstorms. NO3− and Cl− presented different hysteresis behavior as sourced from agricultural activities. DOC increased on the hydrograph rising limb and was controlled by a transport-limited regime. However, the hysteresis behavior of most weathering products and DIC were regulated by a process-limited regime in the karstic critical zone. Overall, biogeochemical processes, hydrogeological properties, storm intensity/magnitude and the timing of storms (antecedent conditions) are main factors influencing the response of hydrochemical variables and dissolved carbon to storm events