Data_Sheet_1_Prevalence of depression in melasma: a systematic review and meta-analysis.PDF

BackgroundDue to cosmetic disfigurement, melasma can negatively affect the quality of life and emotional and mental health, further leading to depression.ObjectivePrevalence rates of depression in patients with melasma vary widely across studies. The aim of this systematic review and meta-analysis was to estimate the prevalence of depression among melasma patients.MethodsThe PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, and Scopus databases were searched to identify articles evaluating the prevalence of depression in melasma patients from their inception to 12 July 2023. Studies were reviewed in accordance with the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines, and a meta-analysis was performed using the Stata 14.0 software.ResultsSixteen studies met the eligibility criteria out of the 859 studies, containing a total of 2,963 melasma patients for this systematic review and meta-analysis. Meta-analyses revealed that the pooled prevalence of depression among patients with melasma was 43.4% (95% CI 30.5–56.2%, Q-value = 808.859, d.f. = 15, p 2 = 0.065, I2 = 98.1%). The meta-regression found that the publication year, sample size, and study quality were not significant moderators for the observed heterogeneity in prevalence. A subgroup analysis according to depression assessment methods showed that the prevalence of depressive disorders was 24.2% (95% CI 16.8–31.6%), and the prevalence of depressive symptoms was 45.1% (95% CI 31.2–59.0%). A subgroup analysis by geographic regions showed that patients in Asia had the highest prevalence of depression at 48.5% (95% CI 26.0–71.0%), compared to other regions. A subgroup analysis by study design showed that the prevalence of depression in case–control studies was almost identical to cross-sectional studies. In the case of OR, the pooled OR of depression between patients with melasma and health controls was 1.677 (95% CI 1.163–2.420, p = 0.606, I2 = 0.0%).ConclusionThe prevalence of depression was relatively high in patients with melasma, and there was a correlation between melasma and depression, encouraging clinicians to screen for depression in their patients and providing a combination of physical and psychosocial support. If necessary, they should be referred to formal mental health services to seek professional psychological intervention.Systematic review registrationhttps://www.crd.york.ac.uk/PROSPERO/, CRD42022381378.</p

Efficient Enzymatic Synthesis of Guanosine 5′-Diphosphate-Sugars and Derivatives

An <i>N</i>-acetylhexosamine 1-kinase from <i>Bifidobacterium infantis</i> (NahK_15697), a guanosine 5′-diphosphate (GDP)-mannose pyrophosphorylase from <i>Pyrococcus furiosus</i> (PFManC), and an <i>Escherichia coli</i> inorganic pyrophosphatase (EcPpA) were used efficiently for a one-pot three-enzyme synthesis of GDP-mannose, GDP-glucose, their derivatives, and GDP-talose. This study represents the first facile and efficient enzymatic synthesis of GDP-sugars and derivatives starting from monosaccharides and derivatives

Strong EZH2 and <i>HOTAIR</i>

<p><b>coexpression trend with worse survival.</b> Kaplan-Meier curve of overall survival based upon the primary carcinoma expressions of both EZH2 and <i>HOTAIR</i> stratified into five different groups: both EZH2 and <i>HOTAIR</i> negative scores (orange line), one negative and one positive score (black line), both EZH2 and <i>HOTAIR</i> weakly positive scores (green line), one weak positive and one strong positive score (blue line), and both EZH2 and <i>HOTAIR</i> strongly positive scores (pink line). The number of cases in each group is listed. As the expression of both EZH2 and <i>HOTAIR</i> become positive and stronger, the percent survival tends to decrease. Strong expression of both EZH2 and <i>HOTAIR</i> together correlate with a trend toward worse survival (logrank test for trend p-value 0.0739).</p

Clinicopathologic features of primary breast carcinoma from breast tissue microarray.

<p>Clinicopathologic features of primary breast carcinoma from breast tissue microarray.</p

Expression of <i>HOTAIR</i> and EZH2 in primary versus metastatic carcinoma.

<p>Primary breast carcinomas with their matched metastases are stained with an RNA in situ hybridization probe for <i>HOTAIR</i> (rows 1 and 2) or immunohistochemical antibody for EZH2 (rows 3 and 4). Expression levels are indicated as negative (−), weakly positive (+), and strongly positive (++). As depicted, some metastatic carcinomas have increased expression compared to their matched primary carcinomas, while some metastatic carcinomas have decreased expression compared to their matched primary carcinomas.</p