Additional file 1 of The growth factor multimodality on treating human dental mesenchymal stem cells: a systematic review

Additional file 1. PRISMA 2020 Checklist

Mean values of the small worldness (A) estimated from the experimental fMRI data and the simulated networks.

<p>Rectangular boxes indicate the standard deviations and dots indicate the mean values. Asterisks denote significant (Wilcoxon rank test, ) difference between conditions. The same applies for rectangular boxes, dots and asterisks in panel B. Mean values of the number of long-distance connection (B) estimated from the experimental fMRI data and the simulated networks.</p

Comparison of distance distribution between networks simulated by the evolution model and brain networks derived from experimental fMRI data from the patient group of 5 subjects.

<p>The distance distribution of the overall connections in the brain networks of the control group (blue line) and the patient group (red line) are shown in the graph. The dashed green line shows the distance distribution of the overall connections in networks simulated by the evolution model. The dashed purple line shows the distance distribution of the simulated networks evolved by a second independent dataset.</p

Illustration of lesion location in red for each patient.

<p>Illustration of lesion location in red for each patient.</p

Paradigm design.

<p>Paradigm design.</p

Clinical and demographic data.

<p>Clinical and demographic data.</p

Scatter plots of the small worldness and the number of long-distance connections.

<p>X-axis denotes the small worldness; Y-axis denotes the number of long-distance connections (). All the values are grouped by control group or patient group while the green triangles represent the distribution of all simulated networks. The purple triangles represent the simulated networks evolved by a second independent dataset. All patients are labeled in line with the patient numbers in <a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0082845#pone-0082845-t001" target="_blank">Table 1</a>.</p

The small worldness (A) and the number of long-distance connections () (B) of brain networks in the control group and the patient group.

<p>Vertical lines denote the standard deviation of each group. Asterisks denote significant differences (Wilcoxon rank test, ) between two groups at corresponding network densities.</p

Comparison of the connection distance between controls and patients.

<p>The distance of connections in brain networks of control group (blue) and patient group (red) were shown.</p

Thiol Specific and Mitochondria Selective Fluorogenic Benzofurazan Sulfide for Live Cell Nonprotein Thiol Imaging and Quantification in Mitochondria

Cellular thiols are divided into two major categories: nonprotein thiols (NPSH) and protein thiols (PSH). Thiols are unevenly distributed inside the cell and compartmentalized in subcellular structures. Most of our knowledge on functions/dysfunctions of cellular/subcellular thiols is based on the quantification of cellular/subcellular thiols through homogenization of cellular/subcellular structures followed by a thiol quantification method. We would like to report a thiol-specific mitochondria-selective fluorogenic benzofurazan sulfide {7,7′-thiobis­(<i>N</i>-rhodamine-benzo­[c]­[1,2,5]­oxadiazole-4-sulfonamide) (TBROS)} that can effectively image and quantify live cell NPSH in mitochondria through fluorescence intensity. Limited methods are available for imaging thiols in mitochondria in live cells especially in a quantitative manner. The thiol specificity of TBROS was demonstrated by its ability to react with thiols and inability to react with biologically relevant nucleophilic functional groups other than thiols. TBROS, with minimal fluorescence, formed strong fluorescent thiol adducts (λ_ex = 550 nm, λ_em = 580 nm) when reacting with NPSH confirming its fluorogenicity. TBROS failed to react with PSH from bovine serum albumin and cell homogenate proteins. The high mitochondrial thiol selectivity of TBROS was achieved by its mitochondria targeting structure and its higher reaction rate with NPSH at mitochondrial pH. Imaging of mitochondrial NPSH in live cells was confirmed by two colocalization methods and use of a thiol-depleting reagent. TBROS effectively imaged NPSH changes in a quantitative manner in mitochondria in live cells. The reagent will be a useful tool in exploring physiological and pathological roles of mitochondrial thiols