5 research outputs found
Attomolar Determination of Coumaphos by Electrochemical Displacement Immunoassay Coupled with Oligonucleotide Sensing
Coumaphos, an organophosphorus pesticide (OP) used worldwide,
has
raised serious public concerns due to its positive association with
major types of cancer. Herein, a novel method for attomolar coumaphos
detection was developed on the basis of an electrochemical displacement
immunoassay coupled with oligonucleotide sensing. An optimized displacement
immunoassay was constructed to improve the binding efficiency of an
antigenâantibody pair, and a guanine-rich single-strand DNA
label, in combination with oligonucleotide sensing, was used to amplify
the detection signal with âdirectâ relationship to the
analyte. As a result, coumaphos was sensitively determined from the
enhanced catalytic cycle of guanine-RuÂ(bpy)<sub>3</sub><sup>2+</sup> by chronoamperometry. The limit of detection (LOD) was down to 0.18
ng L<sup>â1</sup> (S/N = 3), which is equal to 49.6 amol in
a sample solution of 100 ÎŒL. In comparison with conventional
methods, the proposed method has the lowest LOD and better accessibility
to high-throughput sensing systems. Besides, it can complete the whole
analysis process in under 50 min and exhibits good performance of
excellent selectivity to the OPs. With regard to the advantages of
rapidity, convenience, low cost, and ease of operation, the proposed
method has provided a promising platform capable of fast and in-field
OP detection, which may make the system promising for potential applications
in the detection of other small molecules
Novel haptens synthesis and development of a monoclonal antibody-based enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for leuco-malachite green in fish
<p>To produce specific antibodies against leuco-malachite green (LMG), 15 haptens were synthesized and characterized, and conjugated to carrier protein for immunization. One antigen with excellent reactogenicity and immunogenicity was discovered. Specific monoclonal antibody with high sensitivity for LMG in competitive indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ciELISA) was screened and selected. After the screening of a series of heterologous coating antigen and optimization of working conditions, the proposed ciELISA showed the 50% inhibition value (IC<sub>50</sub>) of 1.16â
ngâ
mL<sup>â1</sup> and the limit of detection of 0.06â
ngâ
mL<sup>â1</sup> for LMG. The average recoveries of LMG from spiked fish samples ranged from 78.0% to 101.0%, with coefficients of variation below 15%. Good correlation (<i>R</i><sup>2</sup>â=â0.9977) was obtained between the results of ciELISA analysis and those of standard liquid chromatographyâtandem mass spectrometry analysis. The proposed ciELISA is ideal for the rapid and sensitive detection of LMG with a low cost and high throughput.</p
Low-Temperature-Initiated Cracking of Hydrocarbons to Produce Olefins: Simulation and Comparison of Different Initiators
Low-temperature-initiated cracking technology has significant
potential
to develop new hydrocarbon pyrolysis with better atomic economy and
higher yields of light olefins. The impacts of three representative
initiators, triethylamine (TEA), nitromethane (NM), and di-tert-butyl peroxide (DTBP), were compared. Sufficiently
detailed co-cracking reaction networks of three initiators with n-hexane were obtained through an automatic reaction network
generator RMG, and the corresponding steam cracking tubular reactor
simulation was performed. The results showed that the initiator with
a lower cracking temperature brought about a more noticeable decrease
in the cracking temperature of n-hexane. Both TEA
and NM increased the carbon atom conversion from n-hexane to ethylene and propylene, especially propylene. NM was more
significant, while DTBP was almost ineffective. Through kinetic parameter
analysis, it was found that the temperature dependence of the key
reaction caused different initiator performance. NM completely cracked
at an appropriate temperature where the rate constants of the hydrogen
abstraction and ethylene generation had reached a high level, and
the released free radicals were effective. Visual reaction network
analysis revealed that NM had a strong ability to release free radicals,
and these free radicals significantly adjusted the competitive reaction
path to produce ethylene and propylene, resulting in the most obvious
effect on improving the conversion of n-hexane and
the yield of propylene. The action laws of NM described above under
hydrocarbon pyrolysis conditions indicate that NM may be the most
suitable initiator for low-temperature-initiated cracking of hydrocarbons
among these three initiator types
Facile Fabrication of Highly Quantum Dot/AuNP-Loaded Tags for a Dual-Modal Colorimetric/Reversed Ratiometric Fluorescence Immunochromatographic Assay
Developing an easily-prepared, sensitive, and accurate
point-of-need
immunochromatographic assay (ICA) is significant in food safety screening,
clinical diagnosis, and environmental monitoring. However, the current
single-modal ICAs are limited in certain instinct drawbacks that restrict
analytical performances. Herein, we introduce an ultrasensitive dual-modal
colorimetric/reversed ratiometric fluorescence ICA based on facilely
prepared immunoprobes with a high loading capacity of red quantum
dots and AuNPs. By smartly integrating these red-colored/fluorescent
signal probes with an immobilized green quantum dot antigen on the
test lines, discrete âturn-onâ visual inspection and
reversed ratiometric quantification via a portable smartphone-based
analyzer were accomplished. As an application, this method was employed
to detect 11 phosphodiesterase-5 inhibitors in health foods with ultralow
detection limits (0.0028â0.045 ng/mL), high repeatability (coefficient
of variations of 0.3â1.91%), and reasonable accuracy (recoveries
of 86.6â107%). The proposed method was further validated by
the authorized liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry
method in actual sample detection. This new assay format can be extended
to ultrasensitive flexible detection of other food contaminants, environmental
pollutants, or tumor biomarkers within minutes, and it just requires
simply prepared signal reporters, easy-to-operate procedures, and
a low-cost miniaturized analyzer