2 research outputs found
Immunogenic Cell Death Amplified by Co-localized Adjuvant Delivery for Cancer Immunotherapy
Despite
their potential, conventional whole-cell cancer vaccines
prepared by freezeâthawing or irradiation have shown limited
therapeutic efficacy in clinical trials. Recent studies have indicated
that cancer cells treated with certain chemotherapeutics, such as
mitoxantrone, can undergo immunogenic cell death (ICD) and initiate
antitumor immune responses. However, it remains unclear how to exploit
ICD for cancer immunotherapy. Here, we present a new material-based
strategy for converting immunogenically dying tumor cells into a powerful
platform for cancer vaccination and demonstrate their therapeutic
potential in murine models of melanoma and colon carcinoma. We have
generated immunogenically dying tumor cells surface-modified with
adjuvant-loaded nanoparticles. Dying tumor cells laden with adjuvant
nanodepots efficiently promote activation and antigen cross-presentation
by dendritic cells in vitro and elicit robust antigen-specific CD8α<sup>+</sup> T-cells in vivo. Furthermore, whole tumor-cell vaccination
combined with immune checkpoint blockade leads to complete tumor regression
in âŒ78% of CT26 tumor-bearing mice and establishes long-term
immunity against tumor recurrence. Our strategy presented here may
open new doors to âpersonalizedâ cancer immunotherapy
tailored to individual patientâs tumor cells
Pyrite Dissolution in the Cretaceous Yogou Formation of the Niger (Chad) Basin: Implications for Basin Evolution under a Rift Tectonic Setting
This is the first study of pyrite minerals in the entire
West and
Central African Rift System (WCARS). Several polished organic-rich
core samples from the Cretaceous Yogou Formation of the Niger (Chad)
Basin located in the WCARS were investigated for their pyrite content
using FE-SEM and SEM-EDS imaging techniques. An attempt was made to
classify the types and provenance of the pyrites and to highlight
the control of rift fractures on the oxidation and dissolution of
pyrites in the region. Three major types of pyrites are present in
the studied formation, including euhedral pyrite (EPy) crystals, pyrite framboids (FPy), and sunflower
pyrites (SPy). A statistical analysis of 307 FPy shows that the framboids are diagenetically formed with
an average diameter of 6.61 ÎŒm. SPy is present
in a relatively low amount compared to framboids. The pyrites underwent
a variety of diagenetic modifications, from mechanical compaction
to oxidation, dissolution, and recrystallization. Unoxidized pyrites
primarily contain Fe, S, and C, but oxidized pyrites also contain
O, Al, and Si. There is a strong correlation between the fractures
and the spatial distribution of the physicochemical alteration of
the pyrite in the study. Dissolution in relatively deep-buried samples
occurs mainly along fracture planes. The fractures provide a pathway
for oxidants and other metal elements to reach the pyrites. The pattern
of pyrite dissolution reflects the timing of fracture formation and
fracture activities as a purveyor or drainage for fluids in the organic-rich
samples investigated. The pyrites are associated intimately with organic
matter (OM); thus, the relationship between the fracture and the pyritesâ
transformation is significant in the assessment of organic matter
preservation at deep-burial depth