Principal components analysis (PCA) of bioclimatic variables associated with occurrence of BMSB.

<p>*indicate the variables used in the final model construction.</p><p>Eigenvalues for the most important variables (>0.8) in PCA are in bold.</p

Niche models based on reduced native records and projected onto the US using Maxent.

<p>Dark green color represents high suitability, light green indicates low suitability. A: using 10 variables, B: using 6 variables, white and black dots represent the 95 occurrences for model calibration and the remaining for model evaluation.</p

Principal component analysis of 10 variables associated with occurrences of BMSB.

<p>Symbols represent BMSB occurrences in native areas in Asia and introduced areas in the US and Europe.</p

Direct comparison of BMSB occurrence-associated variables between native and introduced distributional areas.

<p>Asterisk (*) indicate variables used in the final model calibration.</p

Niche model based on invasive records and transferred worldwide using Maxent.

<p>White and black dots represent occurrences of BMSB in introduced and native areas repectively, yellow areas indicate predictive probability under M10 threshold, blue areas with probability above M10 in Asia indicate the source region of invasion.</p

Omission rate comparison between the six- and ten-variable based models.

<p>Omission rates were plotted in native Asia models and their transferring in the US across the threshold spectrum of Maxent.</p

Niche model based on reduced native records and transferred worldwide using Maxent.

<p>Dark green color represents high suitability, light green indicates low suitability. White circles indicate the 95 occurrences used for model calibration, black dots and white squares represent the remaining native and invasive records used for model evaluation.</p

Biomass allocation of endophyte-infected (EI) or endophyte-free (EF) <i>Achnatherum sibiricum</i> under various conditions of N and P availability.

<p>Note. Values are means ± SE. Significant differences (<i>P</i><0.05) for each variable are indicated by lowercase letters for variables where N, P availability and endophyte infection were analyzed together.</p

Three-way ANOVA for photosynthetic parameters, N allocation and acid phosphatase activity of endophyte-infected (EI) or uninfected (EF) ramets of <i>Achnatherum sibiricum</i>.

<p>Note. N_A, total leaf nitrogen content; P_max, maximum net photosynthetic rate; PNUE, photosynthetic nitrogen use efficiency; P_T the fraction of leaf nitrogen allocated to all components of the photosynthetic machinery.</p

N allocation and maximum photosynthetic rate of endophyte-infected (EI) or endophyte-free (EF) <i>Achnatherum sibiricum</i> under various conditions of N and P availability.

<p>Note. N_A, total leaf nitrogen content in g m⁻²; P_T, the fraction of leaf nitrogen allocated to all components of the photosynthetic machinery in g g⁻¹; P_max, maximum net photosynthetic rate in µmol m⁻² s⁻¹. Values are means ± SE. Significant differences (<i>P</i><0.05) for each variable are indicated by lowercase letters for variables N, P availability and endophyte infection were analyzed together.</p