3 research outputs found
Data_Sheet_1_Sea buckthorn pulp and seed oils ameliorate lipid metabolism disorders and modulate gut microbiota in C57BL/6J mice on high-fat diet.docx
IntroductionNon-alcoholic fatty liver diseases (NAFLD), along with the complications of obesity and dyslipidemia, are worldwide lipid metabolism disorders. Recent evidence showed that NAFLD could be ameliorated by diet and lifestyles by attenuating gut microbiota dysbiosis via the gut–liver axis. Sea buckthorn oils, including sea buckthorn pulp oil (SBPO) and sea buckthorn seed oil (SBSO), were investigated in this study for their beneficial effects on gut–liver axis in C57BL/6J mice on a high-fat diet.MethodsSixty of male C57BL/6J mice were assigned into five groups, fed with low-fat diet containing soybean oil (SO), high-fat diet comprising lard oil (LO), peanut oil (PO), SBSO or SBPO, respectively, for 12 weeks. Serum and hepatic biochemical analysis, liver and perirenal fat histological analysis, and fecal 16S rRNA gene sequencing were conducted to reflect the influence of five diets on gut-liver axis.ResultsDietary SBPO reduced visceral fat accumulation, adipose cell size, serum and hepatic triglyceride, LDL-C levels, and hepatic cell damage score; increased gut microbiota diversity with a higher abundance of Lactobacillus, Roseburia, and Oscillibacter compared with PO. SBSO showed equal or weaker effects compared to SBPO.ConclusionThis study demonstrates that dietary SBPO has the potential to ameliorate NAFLD and related metabolic disorders, like obesity and dyslipidemia, by modulating gut microbiota.</p
Formation of 3‑Monochloro-1,2-propanediol (3-MCPD) Di- and Monoesters from Tristearoylglycerol (TSG) and the Potential Catalytic Effect of Fe<sup>2+</sup> and Fe<sup>3+</sup>
This study investigated whether and
how triacylglycerol (TAG) may
serve as a precursor for 3-monochloro-1,2-propanediol (3-MCPD) fatty
acid ester formation using tristearoylglycerol (TSG). TSG was reacted
with inorganic chloride compounds including NaCl, KCl, FeCl<sub>2</sub>, CuCl<sub>2,</sub> ZnCl<sub>2</sub>, FeCl<sub>3</sub> and dry HCl,
or organic chlorine compound lindane at different temperatures. Only
FeCl<sub>2</sub> and FeCl<sub>3</sub> were able to form 3-MCPD esters
from TSG. Further electron spin resonance (ESR) determination of TSG,
Fe<sub>2</sub>(SO<sub>4</sub>)<sub>3</sub> and 5,5-dimethylpyrroline-<i>N</i>-oxide (DMPO) reactions revealed potential of Fe ion in
promoting free radical generations under the experimental conditions.
To further confirm the effect of Fe ion, chelating agent (EDTA-2Na)
was added to the model reactions. The results showed for the first
time that EDTA-2Na was able to reduce the generation of 3-MCPD esters.
In addition, FT-IR examination indicated a possible involvement of
a carbonyl group during the reaction. Taking all the observations
together, the possible mechanisms, involving the formation of either
a cyclic acyloxonium or a glycidol ester radical intermediate, were
proposed for generating 3-MCPD fatty acid di- and mono- esters from
TAG under a high temperature and low moisture condition, as well as
the coformation of glycidol esters. The results from this study may
be useful for reducing the level of 3-MCPD esters and related toxicants
in the refined edible oils and food products
Effects of Medium- and Long-Chain Triacylglycerols on Lipid Metabolism and Gut Microbiota Composition in C57BL/6J Mice
Obesity is related to an increasing
risk of chronic diseases. Medium-
and long-chain triacylglycerols (MLCT) have been recognized as a promising
choice to reduce body weight. In this study, three MLCT with different
contents of medium-chain fatty acids (MCFA) (10–30%, w/w) were
prepared, and their effects on lipid metabolism and fecal gut microbiota
composition of C57BL/6J mice were systematically investigated. MLCT
with 30% (w/w) MCFA showed the best performance in decreasing body
weight gain as well as optimizing serum lipid parameters and liver
triacylglycerol content. The expression levels of genes encoding enzymes
for fatty acid degradation increased markedly and expression levels
of genes encoding enzymes for <i>de novo</i> fatty acid
biosynthesis decreased significantly in the liver of mice treated
with MLCT containing 30% (w/w) MCFA. Interestingly, the dietary intake
of a high fat diet containing MLCT did significantly decrease the
ratio of <i>Firmicutes</i> to <i>Bacteroidetes</i> and down-regulate the relative abundance of <i>Proteobacteria</i> that may attribute to weight loss. Furthermore, we found a notable
increase in the total short-chain fatty acid (SCFA) content in feces
of mice on a MLCT containing diet. All these results may be concomitantly
responsible for the antiobesity effect of MLCT with relatively high
contents of MCFA