The Location and Built Environment of Cultural and Creative Industry in Hangzhou, China: A Spatial Entropy Weight Overlay Method Based on Multi-Source Data

Quantitative identification of the location of cultural and creative industries has always been an important issue in the study of micro-locations in human geography. However, most of the previous studies on the location of cultural and creative industries focused on the macro description of the existing cultural and creative industry and lacked quantitative identification of micro-locations suitable for cultivating and developing cultural and creative industries. Therefore, based on the relevant location theory of cultural and creative industries, the urban creative field strength and its quantitative model are proposed. From the perspective of the built environment, 500 m × 500 m grids were established as analysis units based on multi-source data, including society, economy and geography data, using the geographic information system (GIS) analysis technology and spatial entropy weight overlay method to describe and visualize the micro-locations of urban cultural and creative industries. Based on the empirical study in Hangzhou, the following can be concluded: (1) the study method of “single index measurement–entropy method weighting–space weighted summation–hot spot analysis” constructed can quantitatively identify the micro-location of urban cultural and creative industries. It proves that the research framework proposed is scientifically valid. (2) The overall field strength of the creative field in Hangzhou has a circular structure with multiple centers, gradually decreasing outward from the main urban area of Hangzhou, with the sub-centers of the creative field scattered around the core urban area. The most suitable location for the cultivation and development of cultural and creative industries in Hangzhou is located in Wensan District as the core area, which includes Wensan Road, Xueyuan Road, Wulin Square, Hangzhou Future City-Xixi Wetland, etc. (3) The location around the provincial/city/district government land is the core area of creative field strength, which is more suitable for the development of cultural and creative industries. The farther from the core area, the smaller the creative field strength is, and the more obvious the attenuation of distance is

DataSheet_1_The uppermost monoterpenes improving Cinnamomum camphora thermotolerance by serving signaling functions.doc

Terpenes serve important functions in enhancing plant thermotolerance. Cinnamomum camphora mainly has eucalyptol (EuL), camphor (CmR), linalool (LnL) and borneol (BeL) chemotypes basing on the uppermost monoterpenes. To reveal the thermotolerance mechanisms of these uppermost monoterpenes (eucalyptol, camphor, linalool, and borneol) in C. camphora, we surveyed the ROS metabolism and photosynthesis in the 4 chemotypes fumigated with the corresponding uppermost monoterpene after fosmidomycin (Fos) inhibiting monoterpene synthesis under high temperature at 38°C (Fos+38°C+monoterpene), and investigated the related gene expression in EuL and CmR. Meanwhile, the thermotolerance differences among the 4 uppermost monoterpenes were analyzed. In contrast to normal temperature (28°C), ROS levels and antioxidant enzyme activities in the 4 chemotypes increased under 38°C, and further increased in the treatment with Fos inhibiting monoterpene synthesis at 38°C (Fos+38°C), which may be caused by the alterations in expression of the genes related with non-enzymatic and enzymatic antioxidant formation according to the analyses in EuL and CmR. Compared with Fos+38°C treatment, Fos+38°C+monoterpene treatments lowered ROS levels and antioxidant enzyme activities for the increased non-enzymatic antioxidant gene expression and decreased enzymatic antioxidant gene expression, respectively. High temperature at 38°C reduced the chlorophyll and carotenoid content as well as photosynthetic abilities, which may result from the declined expression of the genes associated with photosynthetic pigment biosynthesis, light reaction, and carbon fixation. Fos+38°C treatment aggravated the reduction. In contrast to Fos+38°C treatment, Fos+38°C+monoterpene treatments increased photosynthetic pigment content and improved photosynthetic abilities by up-regulating related gene expression. Among the 4 uppermost monoterpenes, camphor showed strong abilities in lowering ROS and maintaining photosynthesis, while eucalyptol showed weak abilities. This was consistent with the recovery effects of the gene expression in the treatments with camphor and eucalyptol fumigation. Therefore, the uppermost monoterpenes can enhance C. camphora thermotolerance as signaling molecules, and may have differences in the signaling functions.</p

Selection Signature Analysis Implicates the PC1/PCSK1 Region for Chicken Abdominal Fat Content

We conducted a selection signature analysis using the chicken 60k SNP chip in two chicken lines that had been divergently selected for abdominal fat content (AFC) for 11 generations. The selection signature analysis used multiple signals of selection, including long-range allele frequency differences between the lean and fat lines, long-range heterozygosity changes, linkage disequilibrium, haplotype frequencies, and extended haplotype homozygosity. Multiple signals of selection identified ten signatures on chromosomes 1, 2, 4, 5, 11, 15, 20, 26 and Z. The 0.73 Mb PC 1/PCSK1 region of the Z chromosome at 55.43-56.16 Mb was the most heavily selected region. This region had 26 SNP markers and seven genes, Mar-03, SLC12A2, FBN2, ERAP1, CAST, PC1/PCSK1 and ELL2, where PC1/PCSK1 are the chicken/human names for the same gene. The lean and fat lines had two main haplotypes with completely opposite SNP alleles for the 26 SNP markers and were virtually line-specific, and had a recombinant haplotype with nearly equal frequency (0.193 and 0.196) in both lines. Other haplotypes in this region had negligible frequencies. Nine other regions with selection signatures were PAH-IGF1, TRPC4, GJD 4-CCNY, NDS T4, NOVA 1, GAL NT9, the ESRP2-GALR1 region with five genes, the SYCP2-CADH4 with six genes, and the TULP1-KIF21B with 14 genes. Genome-wide association analysis showed that nearly all regions with evidence of selection signature had SNP effects with genome-wide significance (P,10-6) on abdominal fat weight and percentage. The results of this study provide specific gene targets for the control of chicken AFC and a potential model of AFC in human obesity

SNP effects on abdominal fat weight (AFW) and abdominal fat percentage (AFP) for four chromosomes.

<p>Gene name in black: gene in the selection signature; Gene name in blue: gene in the chromosome region with highly significant SNP effects but not declared as a selection signature; Gene name in purple: gene associated with human obesity <a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0040736#pone.0040736-Zhao1" target="_blank">[2]</a>–<a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0040736#pone.0040736-NCBI1" target="_blank">[12]</a>. Blue circles and red plus signs: SNP effects from EPISNP <a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0040736#pone.0040736-Ma1" target="_blank">[26]</a>, <a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0040736#pone.0040736-Mao1" target="_blank">[27]</a>; Green triangles: SNP effects from PLINK <a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0040736#pone.0040736-Purcell1" target="_blank">[28]</a>.</p

Linkage disequilibrium and extended haplotype heterozygosity in the <i>NDST4</i> region of chromosome 4.

<p>Linkage disequilibrium and extended haplotype heterozygosity in the <i>NDST4</i> region of chromosome 4.</p

Selection Signature Analysis Implicates the <em>PC1/PCSK1</em> Region for Chicken Abdominal Fat Content

<div><p>We conducted a selection signature analysis using the chicken 60k SNP chip in two chicken lines that had been divergently selected for abdominal fat content (AFC) for 11 generations. The selection signature analysis used multiple signals of selection, including long-range allele frequency differences between the lean and fat lines, long-range heterozygosity changes, linkage disequilibrium, haplotype frequencies, and extended haplotype homozygosity. Multiple signals of selection identified ten signatures on chromosomes 1, 2, 4, 5, 11, 15, 20, 26 and Z. The 0.73 Mb <em>PC1/PCSK1</em> region of the Z chromosome at 55.43-56.16 Mb was the most heavily selected region. This region had 26 SNP markers and seven genes, <em>Mar-03</em>, <em>SLC12A2</em>, <em>FBN2</em>, <em>ERAP1</em>, <em>CAST</em>, <em>PC1/PCSK1</em> and <em>ELL2</em>, where <em>PC1/PCSK1</em> are the chicken/human names for the same gene. The lean and fat lines had two main haplotypes with completely opposite SNP alleles for the 26 SNP markers and were virtually line-specific, and had a recombinant haplotype with nearly equal frequency (0.193 and 0.196) in both lines. Other haplotypes in this region had negligible frequencies. Nine other regions with selection signatures were <em>PAH-IGF1</em>, <em>TRPC4</em>, <em>GJD4-CCNY</em>, <em>NDST4</em>, <em>NOVA1</em>, <em>GALNT9</em>, the <em>ESRP2-GALR1</em> region with five genes, the <em>SYCP2-CADH4</em> with six genes, and the <em>TULP1-KIF21B</em> with 14 genes. Genome-wide association analysis showed that nearly all regions with evidence of selection signature had SNP effects with genome-wide significance (P<10^–6) on abdominal fat weight and percentage. The results of this study provide specific gene targets for the control of chicken AFC and a potential model of AFC in human obesity.</p> </div

Genome view of selection signatures and SNP effects associated with chicken abdominal fat content.

<p>Black: selection signature and gene in the selection signature (nearly all these regions had SNP effects with genome-wide significance); Blue: chromosome region with highly significant SNP effects but not declared as a selection signature. Purple: human obesity gene nearest to a selection signature or a region with highly significant SNP effects for abdominal fat weight (AFW) and abdominal fat percentage (AFP); Red: human obesity gene inside selection signature; Green box: not studied.</p

Linkage disequilibrium patterns of the chromosome Z selection signature at 55.43–56.16 Mb.

<p>WPR: a recessive white line of White Plymouth Rock chicken from France (n = 94). AK: Anak, a commercial broiler chicken introduced from Israel (n = 51). CAU-F2: an F2 resource population produced from reciprocal crosses of Silky Fowl and White Plymouth Rock at China Agricultural University (n = 112).</p