141 research outputs found
Empowering LLM to use Smartphone for Intelligent Task Automation
Mobile task automation is an attractive technique that aims to enable
voice-based hands-free user interaction with smartphones. However, existing
approaches suffer from poor scalability due to the limited language
understanding ability and the non-trivial manual efforts required from
developers or end-users. The recent advance of large language models (LLMs) in
language understanding and reasoning inspires us to rethink the problem from a
model-centric perspective, where task preparation, comprehension, and execution
are handled by a unified language model. In this work, we introduce AutoDroid,
a mobile task automation system that can handle arbitrary tasks on any Android
application without manual efforts. The key insight is to combine the
commonsense knowledge of LLMs and domain-specific knowledge of apps through
automated dynamic analysis. The main components include a functionality-aware
UI representation method that bridges the UI with the LLM, exploration-based
memory injection techniques that augment the app-specific domain knowledge of
LLM, and a multi-granularity query optimization module that reduces the cost of
model inference. We integrate AutoDroid with off-the-shelf LLMs including
online GPT-4/GPT-3.5 and on-device Vicuna, and evaluate its performance on a
new benchmark for memory-augmented Android task automation with 158 common
tasks. The results demonstrated that AutoDroid is able to precisely generate
actions with an accuracy of 90.9%, and complete tasks with a success rate of
71.3%, outperforming the GPT-4-powered baselines by 36.4% and 39.7%. The demo,
benchmark suites, and source code of AutoDroid will be released at
url{https://autodroid-sys.github.io/}
Facilitating Self-monitored Physical Rehabilitation with Virtual Reality and Haptic feedback
Physical rehabilitation is essential to recovery from joint replacement
operations. As a representation, total knee arthroplasty (TKA) requires
patients to conduct intensive physical exercises to regain the knee's range of
motion and muscle strength. However, current joint replacement physical
rehabilitation methods rely highly on therapists for supervision, and existing
computer-assisted systems lack consideration for enabling self-monitoring,
making at-home physical rehabilitation difficult. In this paper, we
investigated design recommendations that would enable self-monitored
rehabilitation through clinical observations and focus group interviews with
doctors and therapists. With this knowledge, we further explored Virtual
Reality(VR)-based visual presentation and supplemental haptic motion guidance
features in our implementation VReHab, a self-monitored and multimodal physical
rehabilitation system with VR and vibrotactile and pneumatic feedback in a TKA
rehabilitation context. We found that the third point of view real-time
reconstructed motion on a virtual avatar overlaid with the target pose
effectively provides motion awareness and guidance while haptic feedback helps
enhance users' motion accuracy and stability. Finally, we implemented
\systemname to facilitate self-monitored post-operative exercises and validated
its effectiveness through a clinical study with 10 patients
UbiPhysio: Support Daily Functioning, Fitness, and Rehabilitation with Action Understanding and Feedback in Natural Language
We introduce UbiPhysio, a milestone framework that delivers fine-grained
action description and feedback in natural language to support people's daily
functioning, fitness, and rehabilitation activities. This expert-like
capability assists users in properly executing actions and maintaining
engagement in remote fitness and rehabilitation programs. Specifically, the
proposed UbiPhysio framework comprises a fine-grained action descriptor and a
knowledge retrieval-enhanced feedback module. The action descriptor translates
action data, represented by a set of biomechanical movement features we
designed based on clinical priors, into textual descriptions of action types
and potential movement patterns. Building on physiotherapeutic domain
knowledge, the feedback module provides clear and engaging expert feedback. We
evaluated UbiPhysio's performance through extensive experiments with data from
104 diverse participants, collected in a home-like setting during 25 types of
everyday activities and exercises. We assessed the quality of the language
output under different tuning strategies using standard benchmarks. We
conducted a user study to gather insights from clinical experts and potential
users on our framework. Our initial tests show promise for deploying UbiPhysio
in real-life settings without specialized devices.Comment: 27 pages, 14 figures, 5 table
MindShift: Leveraging Large Language Models for Mental-States-Based Problematic Smartphone Use Intervention
Problematic smartphone use negatively affects physical and mental health.
Despite the wide range of prior research, existing persuasive techniques are
not flexible enough to provide dynamic persuasion content based on users'
physical contexts and mental states. We first conduct a Wizard-of-Oz study
(N=12) and an interview study (N=10) to summarize the mental states behind
problematic smartphone use: boredom, stress, and inertia. This informs our
design of four persuasion strategies: understanding, comforting, evoking, and
scaffolding habits. We leverage large language models (LLMs) to enable the
automatic and dynamic generation of effective persuasion content. We develop
MindShift, a novel LLM-powered problematic smartphone use intervention
technique. MindShift takes users' in-the-moment physical contexts, mental
states, app usage behaviors, users' goals & habits as input, and generates
high-quality and flexible persuasive content with appropriate persuasion
strategies. We conduct a 5-week field experiment (N=25) to compare MindShift
with baseline techniques. The results show that MindShift significantly
improves intervention acceptance rates by 17.8-22.5% and reduces smartphone use
frequency by 12.1-14.4%. Moreover, users have a significant drop in smartphone
addiction scale scores and a rise in self-efficacy. Our study sheds light on
the potential of leveraging LLMs for context-aware persuasion in other behavior
change domains
Meta-analysis of the effects of 1-methylcyclopropene (1-MCP) treatment on climacteric fruit ripening
1-Methylcyclopropene (1-MCP) is an inhibitor of ethylene perception that is widely used to maintain the quality of several climacteric fruits during storage. A large body of literature now exists on the effects of 1-MCP on climacteric fruit ripening for different species and environmental conditions, presenting an opportunity to use meta-analysis to systematically dissect these effects. We classified 44 ripening indicators of climacteric fruits into five categories: physiology and biochemistry, quality, enzyme activity, color, and volatiles. Meta-analysis showed that 1-MCP treatment reduced 20 of the 44 indicators by a minimum of 22% and increased 6 indicators by at least 20%. These effects were associated with positive effects on delaying ripening and maintaining quality. Of the seven moderating variables, species, 1-MCP concentration, storage temperature and time had substantial impacts on the responses of fruit to 1-MCP treatment. Fruits from different species varied in their responses to 1-MCP, with the most pronounced responses observed in rosaceous fruits, especially apple, European pear fruits, and tropical fruits. The effect of gaseous 1-MCP was optimal at 1 μl/l, with a treatment time of 12–24 h, when the storage temperature was 0 °C for temperate fruits or 20 °C for tropical fruits, and when the shelf temperature was 20 °C, reflecting the majority of experimental approaches. These findings will help improve the efficacy of 1-MCP application during the storage of climacteric fruits, reduce fruit quality losses and increase commercial value
Amount and Distribution of Micro-Defects in Solidified 2219 Al Alloy Ingots: a Metallographic Investigation
Micro-defects detection in solidified castings of aluminum alloy has always been a hot topic, and the method employed is mainly depends upon the size and shape of the specimens. In present paper, the amount and distribution characters of micro-defects in a series of 2219 aluminum alloy ingot, with diameters of φ1380 mm, φ1250 mm, φ1000 mm, φ850 mm and φ630 mm, prepared by direct chill casting were investigated by means of metallographic, respectively. Samples were cut along the radius directionfrom slices in the steady casting stage. The result reveals that typical micro-defects are consist of inclusions, porosity and shrinkage under optical microscope, and the total amount of micro-defect per unit area in an ingot slightly decreased with the increase of its diameter. Meanwhile, defects were classified into 2 types according to its size, the results suggesting that defects greater than 40 μm account for the largest proportion among the counted two kinds of defects. Moreover, the distribution of defects greater than 40 μm along the radial direction was detected, its amount increases as its distance from the side, indicating that the micro-defects greater than 40 μm distributed the most in the center zone of ingots and the larger the ingot diameter, the more obvious the tendency was
Contamination, Spatial Distribution and Source Analysis of Heavy Metals in Surface Soil of Anhui Chaohu Economic Development Zone, China
Anthropogenic activities may result in the accumulation of heavy metals in the soil, especially in economic development zones with frequent industrial activities. Therefore, the investigation and assessment of soil heavy metal pollution in economic development zones is one of the important measures for soil environmental management and sustainable development. This study used Nemero evaluation, Kriging interpolation, cluster analysis, and principal component analysis to investigate the contamination degree, spatial distribution, and origin of heavy metal in Anhui Chaohu Economic Development Zone (ACED), Anhui, East China. The result showed that different land use types can cause different levels and types of soil heavy metal pollution. The maximum concentrations of heavy metals in the study area all exceeded their background value but did not exceed the guide values. The highest average concentrations were found in Zn, followed by Cr and Ni. The concentrations of As in soils have the largest coefficient of variation (CV) at 38%. The concentration of heavy metals in different functional areas was varied, the areas with higher Ni, As, Cd, Zn, and Cr concentrations were mainly distributed in Hot Springs Resort (HSR), the relatively higher concentrations of Pb, Hg, and Cu were mainly distributed in Integrated Zone (IZ), while all heavy metal (except for Ni) have relatively higher content in the surface soil of Huashan Industrial Zone (HIZ). Origin analysis showed that soil As, Cd, and Zn in HSR surface soil were predominantly influenced by agricultural activities, while Ni and Cr were mainly controlled by parent material. Pb and Hg in IZ surface soil were predominantly originated from the vehicle and domestic exhaust, and Cu was mainly controlled by industrial pollutants. Industrial activity was the main source of soil heavy metals in HIZ. Although heavy metal in ACED surface soil did not reach pollution levels, the concentration of Cd, Hg, Pb, and Cu was significantly affected by anthropogenic activities, especially in HIZ, which the necessary attention of heavy metals needs to be given
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