Floating-Gate Transistor Photodetector

A field effect transistor photodetector that can operate in room temperature includes a source electrode , a drain electrode , a channel to allow an electric current to flow between the drain and source electrodes , and a gate electrode to receive a bias voltage for controlling the current in the channel . The photodetector includes a light - absorbing mate rial that absorbs light and traps electric charges . The light absorbing material is configured to generate one or more charges upon absorbing light having a wavelength within a specified range and to hold the one or more charges . The one or more charges held in the light - absorbing material reduces the current flowing through the channel

Method for Increasing the Efficiency of Organic Photovoltaic Cells

The present invention is directed to an organic photovoltaic cell that contains one or more dipole regions generally disposed between an organic active region and the electrodes and a process for producing such an organic photovoltaic cell

FLOATING-GATE TRANSISTOR PHOTODETECTOR WITH LIGHT ABSORBING LAYER

A field effect transistor photodetector that can operate in room temperature includes a source electrode, a drain electrode, a channel to allow an electric current to flow between the drain and source electrodes, and a gate electrode to receive a bias voltage for controlling the current in the channel. The photodetector includes a light-absorbing material that absorbs light and traps electric charges. The light-absorbing material is configured to generate one or more charges upon absorbing light having a wavelength within a specified range and to hold the one or more charges. The one or more charges held in the light-absorbing material reduces the current flowing through the channel

Alliance Member Selection for Multi-Enterprises Project--Based on the Collaborative Network Information

The enterprises alliance is an effective combination for the larger project development. Type of enterprises to be selected as alliance is the key to achieve more powerful effect. The multi-index decision making method based on the collaboration network information is used to choose the potential partners of the enterprises development alliance. The priority rating for the partners was made. The linguistic variables were conducted using the triangular fuzzy numbers. The individual partner information and cooperative information were dealt with comprehensively to choose the optimal alliance members

Optimal control-based inverse determination of electrode distribution for electroosmotic micromixer

This paper presents an optimal control-based inverse method used to determine the distribution of the electrodes for the electroosmotic micromixers with external driven flow from the inlet. Based on the optimal control method, one Dirichlet boundary control problem is constructed to inversely find the optimal distribution of the electrodes on the sidewalls of electroosmotic micromixers and achieve the acceptable mixing performance. After solving the boundary control problem, the step-shaped distribution of the external electric potential imposed on the sidewalls can be obtained and the distribution of electrodes can be inversely determined according to the obtained external electric potential. Numerical results are also provided to demonstrate the effectivity of the proposed method

Achieving high efficiency laminated polymer solar cell with interfacial modified metallic electrode and pressure induced crystallization

We report efficient laminated organic photovoltaic device with efficiency approach the optimized device by regular method based on Poly(3-hexylthiophene-2,5-diyl) and [6,6]-phenyl-C61-butyric acid methyl ester (PCBM). The high efficiency is mainly attributed to the formation of a concrete polymer/metal interface mechanically and electrically by the use of electronic-glue, and using the highly conductive and flexible silver film as anode to reduce photovoltage loss and modifying its work function for efficiency hole extraction by ultraviolet/ozone treatment, and the pressure induced crystallization of PCBM

Intermediate Layers in Tandem Organic Solar Cells

Tandem structures can boost the efficiency of organic solar cell to more than 15%, compared to the 10% limit of single layer bulk heterojunction devices. Design and fabricating of intermediate layers plays a very important role to achieve high device performance. This article will review the main experimental progresses of tandem organic solar cells, and focus on the intermediate layers (charge recombination layers) in both thermal evaporated and solution processed organic tandem solar cell devices

Achieving high efficiency laminated polymer solar cell with interfacial modified metallic electrode and pressure induced crystallization

We report efficient laminated organic photovoltaic device with efficiency approach the optimized device by regular method based on Poly(3-hexylthiophene-2,5-diyl) and [6,6]-phenyl-C61-butyric acid methyl ester (PCBM). The high efficiency is mainly attributed to the formation of a concrete polymer/metal interface mechanically and electrically by the use of electronic-glue, and using the highly conductive and flexible silver film as anode to reduce photovoltage loss and modifying its work function for efficiency hole extraction by ultraviolet/ozone treatment, and the pressure induced crystallization of PCBM

Metabolic network activity characterization using mass spectrometric methods

Innovative methods were developed for metabolic network activity characterization using mass spectrometry. Metabolic flux analysis (MFA) and kinetics of metabolic networks were developed and applied to Corynebacterium glutamicum. A protocol to determine metabolic fluxes at low degree of labelling using gas chromatography-combustion-isotope ratio mass spectrometry (GC-C-IRMS) by the measurement of 13C enrichment in proteinogenic amino acid hydrolyzates was described. Kinetic isotope effects played an increasing role at low degree of labeling but could be corrected. From these corrected 13C enrichments In vivo fluxes in the central metabolism were determined by numerical optimization. The GC-C-IRMS-based method involving low labeling degree of expensive tracer substrate, e.g. 1%, is therefore promising for larger laboratory and industrial pilot scale fermentations. Permeabilization of Corynebacterium glutamicum cells was investigated and optimized. Permeabilized cells are considered closer to the in-vivo situation than purified enzyme(s) for the study of kinetics. A novel strategy was developed for the determination of in-situ enzymatic network kinetics combining permeabilization and matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of—flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF-MS) quantification. Quantification of small molecular mass metabolites in glycolysis and pentose-phosphate pathway using MALDI-TOF-MS with [U-13C6] glucose-6-phosphate as single internal standard was established. Signal suppression during MALDI analysis could be compensated by applying the standard addition method. Adding selected substrates and cofactors, kinetics of glycolysis and pentose-phosphate pathways were be characterized using this method.Im Rahmen dieser Arbeit wurden neue Massenspektrometrie-basierte Methoden zur Charakterisierung der Aktivität metabolischer Netzwerke entwickelt, die zur Flussanalyse in metabolischen Netzwerken sowie zur Analyse der Kinetik metabolischer Netzwerke angewendet wurden. Die Methode zur Bestimmung metabolischer Flüsse basiert auf der Messung der 13C-Anreicherung in Aminosäuren von Proteinhydrolysaten mit Hilfe von GC-C-IRMS (gas-chromatography-combustion-isotope ratio mass spectrometry). Der Vorteil dieser Methode besteht darin, dass die Bestimmung metabolischer Flüsse auch bei sehr geringen Mengen an 13C-markiertem Substrat möglich ist. Durch Messung der 13C-Anreicherung in Aminosäuren und Korrektur von Isotopen-Effekten sowie durch Anpassung der korrigierten Daten mit Hilfe numerischer Optimierungen, konnten in vivo Flussverteilungen im Zentralstoffwechsel bestimmt werden. Da bei der GC-C-IRMS basierten Methode nur sehr geringe Mengen an relativ teurem 13C markiertem Substrat benötigt werden (~1%), ist diese Methodik insbesondere für die Anwendung in größerem Maßstab geeignet. Des Weiteren wurden Techniken zur Permeabiliserung von Corynebacterium glutamicum untersucht und optimiert. Generell sind permeabilisierte Zellen zur Bestimmung von in vivo Enzymkinetiken besser geeignet als isolierte und gereinigte Enzyme. Zur in situ Bestimmung von Kinetiken in enzymatischen Netzwerken wurde in dieser Arbeit eine Methode entwickelt, bei der die Enzymaktivität in permeabilisierten Zellen bestimmt wird und des Weiteren eine MALDI-TOF-MS-basierte Quantifizierung von intrazellulären Metaboliten erfolgt. Die Quantifizierung von Metaboliten der Glykolyse und des Pentosephosphat-Wegs mittels MALDI-TOF-MS erfolgte mit Hilfe von [U-13C6] Glukose-6-Phosphat als internem Standard. Die bei der MALDI-Messung auftretenden Signal-Unterdrückungen konnten durch Zugabe des Standards korrigiert werden. Durch Messung der entsprechenden Metabolite sowie durch Bestimmung von intrazellulären Enyzmaktivitäten mit Hilfe geeigneter Substrate und Kofaktoren, konnten die Kinetiken von Glykolyse sowie des Pentose-Phosphatweg erfolgreich charakterisiert werden

Intermediate Layers in Tandem Organic Solar Cells

Tandem structures can boost the efficiency of organic solar cell to more than 15%, compared to the 10% limit of single layer bulk heterojunction devices. Design and fabricating of intermediate layers plays a very important role to achieve high device performance. This article will review the main experimental progresses of tandem organic solar cells, and focus on the intermediate layers (charge recombination layers) in both thermal evaporated and solution processed organic tandem solar cell devices