Software reliability allocation model of CNC system based on software architecture

Abstract In order to guarantee the implementation of reliability target, software reliability allocation model of CNC system was established based on software architecture. Software architecture of CNC system was set up, which decomposed CNC system into the functional units, reliability indexes of the system can be distributed into each component from top to bottom. The relative weight of software element in each level of the architecture was determined with analytic hierarchy process (AHP) method. The software reliability allocation model was built by taking the maximum practicability of CNC system as the target function, the reliability and cost function of component as the constraints. The reliability of each component was calculated through culture algorithm (CA). According to the result, the reliability allocation worked out is reasonable and feasible, and during the development of allocation model, the practicability of CNC system was guaranteed and development cost was also saved effectively

Fault location in CNC system software based on the architecture expansion

Trenutno ne postoje odgovarajuće metode kojima bi se pronašla greška u softveru CNC sustava i otklonile skrivene opasnosti. U svrhu poboljšanja pouzdanosti CNC sustava, u radu je predložena metoda lokacije greške u softveru CNC sustava zasnovana na širenju arhitekture. Analizirana je greška u softveru CNC sustava, predložena je metoda širenja arhitekture softvera CNC sustava i ustanovljena je komponenta širenja. Pratili su se i bilježili izvršna putanja i informacije o morfologiji podataka softvera, dobivena je putanja greške i prihvaćen algoritam slične putanje kako bi se generirala putanja slična putanji greške. Postavljen je model zasnovan na potpori vektora najmanjim kvadratima (Least Square Support Vector Machine - LS-SVM) kako bi se odredila naredba za grešku, eliminirale greške i greška softvera stavila u strukturu CNC sustava. Eksperimentiranje s lokacijom greške provedeno je u kartici za nadzor višeosnog gibanja PCI-7344. Rezultat eksperimenta pokazuje da se predloženom metodom izbjeglo ponovljeno testiranje i otklanjanje grešaka od strane programera. Neograničena umjetnim faktorima i nivoima, to je pouzdana metoda za lociranje greške u softveru CNC sustava.There are currently no appropriate methods to find CNC system software defects and eliminate hidden dangers. In order to improve CNC system reliability, the architecture expansion-based fault location method in CNC system software was proposed in this paper. The failure of CNC system software was 619 analysed, the expansion method of CNC system software architecture was proposed and the expansion component was established. The software data morphology information and running path were monitored and recorded, the failure pathway was obtained and a similar path set algorithm was adopted to generate the similar pathway set of the fault path. A least squares SVM-based suspicion model was established to determine the fault statement, eliminate faults and position the software fault in the level of the CNC system structure. Fault location experimentation was conducted in the multi-axis movement control card PCI-7344. The experiment’s result shows that the method proposed avoided the repeated testing and debugging by programmers. Without being limited by artificial factors and levels, it is a reliable method of CNC system software fault location

Polysaccharides Derived From the Brown Algae Lessonia nigrescens Enhance Salt Stress Tolerance to Wheat Seedlings by Enhancing the Antioxidant System and Modulating Intracellular Ion Concentration

Soil salinity reduces plant growth and is a major factor that causes decreased agricultural productivity worldwide. Seaweed polysaccharides promote crop growth and improve plant resistance to abiotic stress. In this study, polysaccharides from brown seaweed Lessonia nigrescens polysaccharides (LNP) were extracted and further separated and fractionated. Two acidic polysaccharides (LNP-1 and LNP-2) from crude LNP were obtained and characterized. The latter had a lower molecular weight (MW) (40.2 kDa) than the former (63.9 kDa), but had higher uronic acid and sulfate content. Crude LNP and LNP-2 were composed of mannose, glucuronic acid, fucose, and xylose, whereas LNP-1 has little mannose. Moreover, the effects of the three polysaccharides on plant salt tolerance were investigated. The results showed that crude LNP, LNP-1, and LNP-2 promoted the growth of plants, decreased membrane lipid peroxidation, increased the chlorophyll content, improved antioxidant activities, and coordinated the efflux and compartmentation of intracellular ion. All three polysaccharides could induce plant resistance to salt stress, but LNP-2 was more effective than the other two. The present study allowed to conclude that both MW and sulfate degree contribute to salt resistance capability of polysaccharides derived from L. nigrescens

Chitooligosaccharide enhanced the efficacy of Bacillus amyloliquefaciens CAS02 for the control of tobacco black shank

IntroductionTobacco black shank is a devastating soil-borne disease caused by the oomycete Phytophthora nicotianae, severely hamper tobacco production worldwide. However, the synergistic effect of biocontrol bacteria and marine polysaccharides/oligosaccharides on tobacco black shank control was few documented.MethodsIn this study, Bacillus amyloliquefaciens CAS02 (CAS02) and chitooligosaccharide (COS) were screened firstly, and their synergistic antagonistic effect against P. nicotianae and the underlying mechanism were investigated in vitro and in vivo.ResultsIn vitro experiments showed that, compared with the application of CAS02 or COS alone, co-application of CAS02 and COS significantly increased the inhibition rate against P. nicotianae by 11.67% and 63.31%, respectively. Furthermore, co-application of CAS02 and COS disrupted the structure of mycelia to a greater extent. The co-application of CAS02 and COS showed synergistic effect, with the relative control effect maintained above 60% during the 60-day pot experiment, significantly higher than that of application CAS02 or COS alone. The combined application of CAS02 and COS reduced the relative abundance of P. nicotianae in the rhizosphere soil and increased the relative abundance of bacterial taxa potentially involved in disease suppression, such as Nocardioides, Devosia and Bradyrhizobium. Meanwhile, CAS02 and COS synergistically activated salicylic acid (SA), ethylene (ET), and hypersensitive response (HR) defense signaling pathways in tobacco plants.DiscussionOur findings demonstrate that co-application of CAS02 and COS remarkably improve the relative control effect against tobacco black shank through multiple pathways and provide a promising strategy for the efficient green control of tobacco black shank

Experimental Investigation of the Matching Relationship between Asphalt Particle and Reservoir Pore in Profile Control Process

Modified sulfonated asphalt particles have a bright application prospect of the profile control of thick reservoirs due to the low cost, extensive sources, and good compatibility with reservoir. Nevertheless, the matching relationship between asphalt particles and reservoir pore has seldom been investigated till now. Oversized particles always block the near-wellbore area, which causes high injection pressures, while undersized particles cannot plug large pores. We designed a core for this experiment which has a high permeability zone in front of it and many pressure measuring points. We could quantitatively assess the matching relationship by measuring the on-way resistance coefficient, residual resistance factor, and relative change of permeability of man-made cores after injecting asphalt. Experimental results indicate that asphalt particles with sizes of 0.02 mm, 0.02–0.06 mm, and 0.08–0.1 mm match with reservoir permeability of 500 mD, 1000 mD, and 2000 mD, respectively. Undersized or oversized particles can reduce the conformance control effect, and the concentration of asphalt particles in the injectant can limit their migration ability. When the concentration of asphalt particles increases to 3000 mg/L, accumulations of asphalt particles can be caused in the formation, in which a scheme with asphalt particles alternative water injection is proposed to avoid the accumulation

Immunomodulatory Hydrogels:Advanced Regenerative Tools for Diabetic Foot Ulcer

Diabetic foot ulcer (DFU) is one of the most common complications of diabetes, bringing physical and mental challenges for patients due to the lack of efficient curative therapy. Despite considerable advances in pharmacological and surgical approaches, clinical trials for DFU patients remain disappointing due to the local overactive and excessive inflammation. Immunomodulatory hydrogels has significant advantages to overcome the clinical challenge of DFUs therapy. Here, recent fabrication and regenerative advances in the utilization of functional hydrogels for altering the immune microenvironment of DFUs are comprehensively reviewed. The pathological features and the healing processes of DFUs, followed by summarizing the physicochemical properties essential for the design of regenerative hydrogels for immunomodulation in DFUs, are briefly introduced. Then, the potential immuno-therapeutic modalities of hydrogels and emerging trends used to treat DFUs via multitherapeutic approaches and enhanced efficacy and safety are discussed. Taken together, by linking the structural properties of hydrogels to their functions in DFU therapy with a particular focus on immunomodulatory stimuli, this review can promote further advances in designing advanced hydrogels for DFUs, resulting in improved diabetic wound repair through translation into clinical setting in the near future.</p

Sex Differences in Primary and Secondary Prevention of Cardiovascular Disease in China

Background: Despite improvements in diagnostic and therapeutic interventions to combat cardiovascular disease (CVD) in recent decades, there are significant ongoing access gaps and sex disparities in prevention that have not been adequately quantified in China. Methods: A representative, cross-sectional, community-based survey of adults (aged ≥45 years) was conducted in 7 geographic regions of China between 2014 and 2016. Logistic regression models were used to determine sex differences in primary and secondary CVD prevention, and any interaction by age, education level, and area of residence. Data are presented as adjusted odds ratios (ORs) and 95% CIs. Results: Of 47 841 participants (61.3% women), 5454 (57.2% women) had established CVD and 9532 (70.5% women) had a high estimated 10-year CVD risk (≥10%). Only 48.5% and 48.6% of women and 39.3% and 59.8% of men were on any kind of blood pressure (BP)-lowering medication, lipid-lowering medication, or antiplatelet therapy for primary and secondary prevention, respectively. Women with established CVD were significantly less likely than men to receive BP-lowering medications (OR, 0.79 [95% CI, 0.65-0.95]), lipid-lowering medications (OR, 0.69 [95% CI, 0.56-0.84]), antiplatelets (OR, 0.53 [95% CI, 0.45-0.62]), or any CVD prevention medication (OR, 0.62 [95% CI, 0.52-0.73]). Women with established CVD, however, had better BP control (OR, 1.31 [95% CI, 1.14-1.50]) but less well-controlled low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (OR, 0.66 [95% CI, 0.57-0.76]), and were less likely to smoke (OR, 13.89 [95% CI, 11.24-17.15]) and achieve physical activity targets (OR, 1.92 [95% CI, 1.61-2.29]). Conversely, women with high CVD risk were less likely than men to have their BP, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, and bodyweight controlled (OR, 0.46 [95% CI, 0.38-0.55]; OR, 0.60 [95% CI, 0.52-0.69]; OR, 0.55 [95% CI, 0.48-0.63], respectively), despite a higher use of BP-lowering medications (OR, 1.21 [95% CI, 1.01-1.45]). Younger patients (<65 years) with established CVD were less likely to be taking CVD preventive medications, but there were no sex differences by area of residence or education level. Conclusions: Large and variable gaps in primary and secondary CVD prevention exist in China, particularly for women. Effective CVD prevention requires an improved overall nationwide strategy and a special emphasis on women with established CVD, who have the greatest disparity and the most to benefit

The first clinical data of the SAPIEN 3 aortic valve in the treatment of aortic stenosis in China

BackgroundData on outcomes following transcatheter aortic valve replacement with SAPIEN 3 in China is limited as it was approved by the National Medical Products since 2020. The present study was designed to collect clinical data on the SAPIEN 3 aortic valve in Chinese patients with bicuspid aortic valve and tricuspid aortic valve stenosis.MethodsWe analyzed the patient characteristics, procedural features and procedural outcomes of the first 438 patients (223 for bicuspid aortic valve and 215 tricuspid aortic valve) from 21 provinces in 74 sites treated with the SAPIEN 3 valve system for transcatheter aortic valve replacement between September 2020 and May 2022.ResultsProcedural mortality was 0.7%. 5 cases during the operation were converted to surgery. Among 438 cases, permanent pacemaker implantation was performed in a total of 12 cases (2.7%). The patient had severe leaflet calcification of the aortic valve, with moderate and severe calcification reaching 39.7% and 35.2% respectively. The size of the implanted valves was predominantly 26 mm and 23 mm, reaching 42.5% and 39.5% respectively. The incidence of moderate or severe perivalvular leak in the postoperative period was 0.5%, with a predominance of 90/10 and 80/20 valve deployment height. There was a significant difference in the deployment height of the valve between bicuspid aortic valve and tricuspid aortic valve, with the bicuspid aortic valve having a more deployment height of 90/10. Annulus size in bicuspid aortic valve group was significantly larger than tricuspid aortic valve group. Valve sizing for oversized, within size, and undersized were different between bicuspid aortic valve and tricuspid aortic valve.ConclusionsProcedural success rates were high, with similar and good results for bicuspid aortic valve and tricuspid aortic valve, low perivalvular leak for both valve types, and low permanent pacemaker implantation rates for both valve types. Annulus size, valve sizing and coronary artery height were significantly different in the BAV and TAV group