Different responsiveness to a high-fat/cholesterol diet in two inbred mice and underlying genetic factors: a whole genome microarray analysis

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>To investigate different responses to a high-fat/cholesterol diet and uncover their underlying genetic factors between C57BL/6J (B6) and DBA/2J (D2) inbred mice.</p> <p>Methods</p> <p>B6 and D2 mice were fed a high-fat/cholesterol diet for a series of time-points. Serum and bile lipid profiles, bile acid yields, hepatic apoptosis, gallstones and atherosclerosis formation were measured. Furthermore, a whole genome microarray was performed to screen hepatic genes expression profile. Quantitative real-time PCR, western blot and TUNEL assay were conducted to validate microarray data.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>After fed the high-fat/cholesterol diet, serum and bile total cholesterol, serum cholesterol esters, HDL cholesterol and Non-HDL cholesterol levels were altered in B6 but not significantly changed in D2; meanwhile, biliary bile acid was decreased in B6 but increased in D2. At the same time, hepatic apoptosis, gallstones and atherosclerotic lesions occurred in B6 but not in D2. The hepatic microarray analysis revealed distinctly different genes expression patterns between B6 and D2 mice. Their functional pathway groups included lipid metabolism, oxidative stress, immune/inflammation response and apoptosis. Quantitative real time PCR, TUNEL assay and western-blot results were consistent with microarray analysis.</p> <p>Conclusion</p> <p>Different genes expression patterns between B6 and D2 mice might provide a genetic basis for their distinctive responses to a high-fat/cholesterol diet, and give us an opportunity to identify novel pharmaceutical targets in related diseases in the future.</p

On Steam Pipe Network Modeling and Flow Rate Calculation

AbstractThe paper demonstrates the method to set up the pipe network hydraulic-thermal synthetic mode by applying hydraulic and thermal models of single pipe, and proposes the algorithm based on searching for the problem that iterative calculation sometimes cannot derive convergent reasonable result as well. Compared the calculated values with the measurements, it shows the validation of the model and effectiveness of the algorithm

System Information Decomposition

In order to characterize complex higher-order interactions among variables in a system, we introduce a new framework for decomposing the information entropy of variables in a system, termed System Information Decomposition (SID). Diverging from Partial Information Decomposition (PID) correlation methods, which quantify the interaction between a single target variable and a collection of source variables, SID extends those approaches by equally examining the interactions among all system variables. Specifically, we establish the robustness of the SID framework by proving all the information atoms are symmetric, which detaches the unique, redundant, and synergistic information from the specific target variable, empowering them to describe the relationship among variables. Additionally, we analyze the relationship between SID and existing information measures and propose several properties that SID quantitative methods should follow. Furthermore, by employing an illustrative example, we demonstrate that SID uncovers a higher-order interaction relationships among variables that cannot be captured by current measures of probability and information and provide two approximate calculation methods verified by this case. This advance in higher-order measures enables SID to explain why Holism posits that some systems cannot be decomposed without loss of characteristics under existing measures, and offers a potential quantitative framework for higher-order relationships across a broad spectrum of disciplines

Measurement of the proton structure parameters in the forward-backward charge asymmetry

The forward-backward asymmetry ($A_{FB}$) in the Drell-Yan process $pp/p\bar p \to Z/\gamma^* \to \ell^+\ell^-$ is sensitive to the proton structure information. Such information has been factorized into well-defined proton structure parameters which can be regarded as experimental observables. In this paper, we extract the structure parameters from the $A_{FB}$ distributions reported by the CMS collaboration in $pp$ collisions at $\sqrt{s} = 8$ TeV, and by the D0 collaboration in $p\bar p$ collisions at $\sqrt{s} = 1.96$ TeV. It is the first time that the unique parton information in the $A_{FB}$ spectrum can be decoupled from the electroweak calculation and measured as standalone observables, which can be used as new data constraints in the global quantum chromodynamics analysis of the parton distribution functions (PDFs). Although the parton information in the $pp$ and $p\bar p$ collisions are different, and the precisions of the measured structure parameters are statistically limited, the results from both the hadron colliders indicate that the down quark contribution might be higher than the theoretical predictions with the current PDFs at the relevant momentum fraction range

Search for dark matter signals with Fermi-LAT observation of globular clusters NGC 6388 and M 15

The globular clusters are probably good targets for dark matter (DM) searches in $\gamma$-rays due to the possible adiabatic contraction of DM by baryons. In this work we analyse the three-year data collected by {\it Fermi} Large Area Telescope of globular clusters NGC 6388 and M 15 to search for possible DM signals. For NGC 6388 the detection of $\gamma$-ray emission was reported by {\it Fermi} collaboration, which is consistent with the emission of a population of millisecond pulsars. The spectral shape of NGC 6388 is also shown to be consistent with a DM contribution if assuming the annihilation final state is $b\bar{b}$. No significant $\gamma$-ray emission from M 15 is observed. We give the upper limits of DM contribution to $\gamma$-ray emission in both NGC 6388 and M 15, for annihilation final states $b\bar{b}$, $W^+W^-$, $\mu^+\mu^-$, $\tau^+\tau^-$ and monochromatic line. The constraints are stronger than that derived from observation of dwarf galaxies by {\it Fermi}.Comment: 17 pages, 6 figures, accepted by JCA

Behavioral and Metabolic Phenotype Indicate Personality in Zebrafish (Danio rerio)

Consistency of individual differences of animal behavior and personality in reactions to various environmental stresses among their life stages could reflect basic divergences in coping style which may affect survival, social rank, and reproductive success in the wild. However, the physiological mechanisms determining personality remain poorly understood. In order to study whether behavior, metabolism and physiological stress responses relate to the personality, we employed post-stress recovery assays to separate zebrafish into two behavioral types (proactive and reactive). The results demonstrated consistent difference among personality, behavior and metabolism in which proactive individuals were more aggressive, had higher standard metabolic rates and showed lower shuttled frequencies between dark and light compartments than the reactive ones. The behavioral variations were also linked to divergent acute salinity stress responses: proactive individuals adopted a swift locomotion behavior in response to acute salinity challenge while reactive individuals remain unchanged. Our results provide useful insight into how personality acts on correlated traits and the importance of a holistic approach to understanding the mechanisms driving persistent inter-individual differences