Exploration of Treatment in Patients with T3 Rectal Cancer with EMVI

To explore the clinical efficacy of neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy, combined with surgery and direct surgery in patients with stage T3 rectal cancer combined with EMVI. Method: The clinical data of patients with extragastrointestinal middle and low rectal cancer in the First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University from January 2015 to May 2019 were retrospective reviewed, including 59 patients in the neoadjuvant treatment group (neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy + surgical treatment) and 71 patients in the direct surgery group. Both groups underwent total rectal total membrane resection. Data and Methods:The concurrent chemotherapy regimens were all included in the XELOX regimen. The RT was performed by IMRT with D T 45 to 50.4 G y, from 1.8 to 2.0 G y each, for 25 to 28 sessions. Perioperative conditions, postoperative pathology and follow-up of the two groups were observed. Results: There was no significant difference in postoperative conditions (gastrointestinal function recovery time, postoperative drainage drainage, postoperative time of drainage removal) between the neoadjuvant treatment group and the direct surgery group (P> 0. 05); The length of postoperative hospital stay was significantly different (P <0.05); No significant operation time occurred between the neoadjuvant treatment group (264 min vs. 239 min) and the surgical group, (P> 0. 05)；The amount of intraoperative bleeding (85.7ml vs.110.0 ml), the number of lymph node dissection (11 vs. 13), the lymph node positive rate (27.12% vs.43.6%) betweenthe neoadjuvant treatment group and the direct surgery group had statistical significant (P＜0. 05); The 3-yearrecurrence-free survival (93.2 %) rate was higher in the neoadjuvant treatment group than in the direct surgery group (74.6 %), which was significant (P <0.05); The 3-year survival rate (98.30,% vs. 85.9 %) was significantly significant (P <0.05); There was no significant difference in the anal preservation rate (71.19% vs. 80.28%) (P> 0. 05). Conclusion: The neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy improves the recurrence-free survival rate of locally advanced rectal cancer, and has no obvious effect on the postoperative complications rate, anal preservation rate and gastrointestinal function recovery

Experimental cyclic inter-conversion between Coherence and Quantum Correlations

Quantum resource theories seek to quantify sources of non-classicality that bestow quantum technologies their operational advantage. Chief among these are studies of quantum correlations and quantum coherence. The former to isolate non-classicality in the correlations between systems, the latter to capture non-classicality of quantum superpositions within a single physical system. Here we present a scheme that cyclically inter-converts between these resources without loss. The first stage converts coherence present in an input system into correlations with an ancilla. The second stage harnesses these correlations to restore coherence on the input system by measurement of the ancilla. We experimentally demonstrate this inter-conversion process using linear optics. Our experiment highlights the connection between non-classicality of correlations and non-classicality within local quantum systems, and provides potential flexibilities in exploiting one resource to perform tasks normally associated with the other.Comment: 8 pages, 4 figures, comments welcom

The power of question translation training in multilingual reasoning:Broadened scope and deepened insights

Bridging the significant gap between large language model's English and non-English performance presents a great challenge. While some previous studies attempt to mitigate this gap with translated training data, the recently proposed question alignment approach leverages the model's English expertise to improve multilingual performance with minimum usage of expensive, error-prone translation. In this paper, we explore how broadly this method can be applied by examining its effects in reasoning with executable code and reasoning with common sense. We also explore how to apply this approach efficiently to extremely large language models using proxy-tuning. Experiment results on multilingual reasoning benchmarks mGSM, mSVAMP and xCSQA demonstrate that the question alignment approach can be used to boost multilingual performance across diverse reasoning scenarios, model families, and sizes. For instance, when applied to the LLaMA2 models, our method brings an average accuracy improvements of 12.2% on mGSM even with the 70B model. To understand the mechanism of its success, we analyze representation space, chain-of-thought and translation data scales, which reveals how question translation training strengthens language alignment within LLMs and shapes their working patterns

Geometric Characteristics of Dynamic Correlations for Combinatorial Regulation in Gene Expression Noise

Knowing which mode of combinatorial regulation (typically, AND or OR logic operation) that a gene employs is important for determining its function in regulatory networks. Here, we introduce a dynamic cross-correlation function between the output of a gene and its upstream regulator concentrations for signatures of combinatorial regulation in gene expression noise. We find that the correlation function is always upwards convex for the AND operation whereas downwards convex for the OR operation, whichever sources of noise (intrinsic or extrinsic or both). In turn, this fact implies a means for inferring regulatory synergies from available experimental data. The extensions and applications are discussed.Comment: 4 pages, 3 figures, and supporting materia

Optimal Computational Power Allocation in Multi-Access Mobile Edge Computing for Blockchain

Blockchain has emerged as a decentralized and trustable ledger for recording and storing digital transactions. The mining process of Blockchain, however, incurs a heavy computational workload for miners to solve the proof-of-work puzzle (i.e., a series of the hashing computation), which is prohibitive from the perspective of the mobile terminals (MTs). The advanced multi-access mobile edge computing (MEC), which enables the MTs to offload part of the computational workloads (for solving the proof-of-work) to the nearby edge-servers (ESs), provides a promising approach to address this issue. By offloading the computational workloads via multi-access MEC, the MTs can effectively increase their successful probabilities when participating in the mining game and gain the consequent reward (i.e., winning the bitcoin). However, as a compensation to the ESs which provide the computational resources to the MTs, the MTs need to pay the ESs for the corresponding resource-acquisition costs. Thus, to investigate the trade-off between obtaining the computational resources from the ESs (for solving the proof-of-work) and paying for the consequent cost, we formulate an optimization problem in which the MTs determine their acquired computational resources from different ESs, with the objective of maximizing the MTs’ social net-reward in the mining process while keeping the fairness among the MTs. In spite of the non-convexity of the formulated problem, we exploit its layered structure and propose efficient distributed algorithms for the MTs to individually determine their optimal computational resources acquired from different ESs. Numerical results are provided to validate the effectiveness of our proposed algorithms and the performance of our proposed multi-access MEC for Blockchain