Development of a Momentum Determined Electron Beam in the 1 -45 GeV Range

A beam line for electrons with energies in the range of 1 to 45 GeV, low contamination of hadrons and muons and high intensity up to 10^6 per accelerator spill at 27 GeV was setup at U70 accelerator in Protvino, Russia. A beam tagging system based on drift chambers with 160 micron resolution was able to measure relative electron beam momentum precisely. The resolution sigma_p p was 0.13% at 45 GeV where multiple scattering is negligible. This test beam setup provided the possibility to study properties of lead tungstate crystals (PbWO_4) for the BTeV experiment at Fermilab.Comment: 12 pages, 8 figures; work done by the BTeV Electromagnetic Calorimeter grou

PNEUMOCOCCAL INFECTION. IMMUNIZATION BY A 7-VALENT CONJUGATED PNEUMOCOCCAL VACCINE OF CHILDREN BORN TO HIV-POSITIVE WOMEN

The article contains pneumococcal infection prevalence survey among HIV-positive children. Questions of pneumococcal infection prevention using pneumococcal conjugated vaccine are discussed in the article. Recommendations upon immunization of HIV-positive children and children born to HIV-positive women against pneumococcal infection are given in the article as well.Key words: children, HIV-infection, pneumococcal infection, pneumococcal conjugated vaccine.(Voprosy sovremennoi pediatrii — Current Pediatrics. 2011; 10 (4): 36–40)</span

PNEUMOCOCCAL INFECTION. IMMUNIZATION BY A 7-VALENT CONJUGATED PNEUMOCOCCAL VACCINE OF CHILDREN BORN TO HIV-POSITIVE WOMEN

The article contains pneumococcal infection prevalence survey among HIV-positive children. Questions of pneumococcal infection prevention using pneumococcal conjugated vaccine are discussed in the article. Recommendations upon immunization of HIV-positive children and children born to HIV-positive women against pneumococcal infection are given in the article as well.Key words: children, HIV-infection, pneumococcal infection, pneumococcal conjugated vaccine.(Voprosy sovremennoi pediatrii — Current Pediatrics. 2011; 10 (4): 36–40

Influence of the radial-shear rolling (RSR) process on the microstructure, electrical conductivity and mechanical properties of a Cu–Ni–Cr–Si alloy

The article describes a method for producing semi-finished products from a copper alloy of the Cu–Ni–Cr–Si system for electrical purposes through the radial-shear rolling (RSR). From the Cu–Ni–Cr–Si alloy by hot deformation, rods with a diameter of 20 mm were obtained, which were then heat treated with quenching and aging. A detailed analysis of the microstructure and properties (mechanical and electrical) of the obtained samples was carried out after RSR and after heat treatment (HT). After RSR, material hardening occurs due to shear deformations forming a gradient structure with grain sizes varying from 8.22 µm to 15.95 µm between the surface and the center of the rod. The microstructure and mechanical property analysis showed that after heat treatment, the alloy is thermally hardened due to the precipitation of Ni2Si and Cr3Si particles uniformly distributed in the sample volume in the form of fine inclusions with an average size of 0.56–0.65 µm. After heat treatment, the alloy enhanced its mechanical properties (ultimate tensile strength (UTS) ~ 700–750 MPa, yield strength (YS) ~ 557–606 MPa, and elongation between 17 and 22%) and its electrical conductivity of 45.17% IACS from the 30.52% IACS of the RSR material. The improved mechanical properties of the heat-treated material are due to the different strength contributions mainly coming from dislocations and precipitates. The electrical conductivity improvement after the heat treatment is related to the dislocation density reduction and the increase in grain boundary misorientation due to the recrystallization phenomenon giving rise to a lower number of boundaries but with a twinning character. Thus, the RSR method offers a new industrial alternative for the production of semi-finished products from a Cu–Ni–Cr–Si alloy in the form of rods with diameters ranging from 10 to 55 mm.Peer ReviewedPostprint (author's final draft

Position paper. The role of iron deficiency in patients with chronic heart failure and current corrective approaches

Further to the discussions, a position paper with the following main provisions was elaborated: 1. Iron Deficiency (ID) must be regarded as an independent clinically significant concomitant condition, with the prevalence reaching 50% among Chronic Heart Failure (CHF) patients in Russia. 2. According to observation studies iron deficiency in patients with CHF adversely affects functional performance and is associated with increased hospitalization rates and mortality. 3. ID must be excluded in all CHF patients, regardless of haemoglobin levels; the severity of ID should be evaluated. Blood ferritin concentration and transferrin saturation (TSAT, transferrin saturation coefficient) are currently optimal parameters for defining ID. 4. According to current data, therapy aimed only at increasing blood haemoglobin concentrations does not seem to have advantages in influencing the prognosis and clinical manifestations of CHF, while the elimination of ID in CHF patients leads to significant clinical benefits even in the absence of anaemia. 5. According to recently available data (the results of Randomized Clinical Trials, RCTs), the intravenous use of ferric carboxymaltose should be considered the most consistent approach for the treatment of ID in CHF patients. © 2020 Seoul National University. All rights reserved