Peculiarities of phonon spectra and lattice heat capacity in Ir and Rh

A simple pseudopotential model is proposed, which allows the phonon spectra and temperature dependence of the lattice heat capacity of Ir and Rh be described with a high enough accuracy. A careful comparison of the calculated and experimental values of the lattice heat capacity is carried out, with the procedure of the identification of the phonon contribution to the heat capacity and determination of the characteristics (momenta) of the phonon density of states from the experimental values of the total heat capacity of metal at a constant pressure being described in detail. The results of the theoretical calculations explain, in particular, such peculiar feature of Ir and Rh, unusual for cubic metals, as a sharp (more than by a factor of 1.5) decrease in the effective Debye temperature with increasing termperature. The temperature dependence of the mean square amplitude of atomic displacements in Ir and Rh has been calculated. Basing on the band calculations the manifestation of the Kohn singularities in the phonon spectra of Ir are discussed.Comment: 15 pages, LaTeX2e, 12 figures in postscrip

Three-particle States in Nonrelativistic Four-fermion Model

On a nonrelativistic contact four-fermion model we have shown that the simple Lambda-cut-off prescription together with definite fine-tuning of the Lambda dependency of "bare"quantities lead to self-adjoint semi-bounded Hamiltonian in one-, two- and three-particle sectors. The fixed self-adjoint extension and exact solutions in two-particle sector completely define three-particle problem. The renormalized Faddeev equations for the bound states with Fredholm properties are obtained and analyzed.Comment: 9 pages, LaTex, no figure

Measurement of air fluorescence light yield induced by an electromagnetic shower

For most of the Ultra High Energy Cosmic Ray (UHECR) experiments and projects (HiRes, AUGER, TA, JEM-EUSO, TUS,...), the detection technique of Extensive Air Showers (EAS) is based, at least, on the measurement of the air fluorescence induced signal. The knowledge of the Fluorescence Light Yield (FLY) is of paramount importance for the UHECR energy reconstruction. The MACFLY experiment was designed to perform such FLY measurements. In this paper we will present the results of dry air FLY induced by 50 GeV electromagnetic showers as a function of shower age and as a function of the pressure. The experiment was performed at CERN using an SPS electron test beam line. It is shown that the FLY is proportional to deposited energy in air (E_d) and that the ratio FLY/E_d and its pressure dependence remain constant independently of shower age and more generally independently of the excitation source used (single electron track or air shower).For most of the Ultra High Energy Cosmic Ray (UHECR) experiments and projects (HiRes, AUGER, TA, JEM-EUSO, TUS,...), the detection technique of Extensive Air Showers (EAS) is based, at least, on the measurement of the air fluorescence induced signal. The knowledge of the Fluorescence Light Yield (FLY) is of paramount importance for the UHECR energy reconstruction. The MACFLY experiment was designed to perform such FLY measurements. In this paper we will present the results of dry air FLY induced by 50 GeV electromagnetic showers as a function of shower age and as a function of the pressure. The experiment was performed at CERN using an SPS electron test beam line. It is shown that the FLY is proportional to deposited energy in air (E_d) and that the ratio FLY/E_d and its pressure dependence remain constant independently of shower age and more generally independently of the excitation source used (single electron track or air shower)

Neural network interpretation techniques for analysis of histological images of breast abnormalities

Background. Neural networks are actively used in digital pathology to analyze histological images and support medical decision-making. A common approach is to solve the classification problem, where only class labels are the only model responses. However, one should understand which areas of the image have the most significant impact on the model's response. Machine learning interpretation techniques help solve this problem. Aim. To study the consistency of different methods of neural network interpretation when classifying histological images of the breast and to obtain an expert assessment of the results of the evaluated methods. Materials and methods. We performed a preliminary analysis and pre-processing of the existing data set used to train pre-selected neural network models. The existing methods of visualizing the areas of attention of trained models on easy-to-understand data were applied, followed by verification of their correct use. The same neural network models were trained on histological data, and the selected interpretation methods were used to systematize histological images, followed by the evaluation of the results consistency and an expert assessment of the results. Results. In this paper, several methods of interpreting machine learning are studied using two different neural network architectures and a set of histological images of breast abnormalities. Results of ResNet18 and ViT-B-16 models training on a set of histological images on the test sample: accuracy metric 0.89 and 0.89, ROC_AUC metric 0.99 and 0.96, respectively. The results were also evaluated by an expert using the Label Studio tool. For each pair of images, the expert was asked to select the most appropriate answer ("Yes" or "No") to the question: "The highlighted areas generally correspond to the Malignant class." The "Yes" response rate for the ResNet_Malignant category was 0.56; for ViT_Malignant, it was 1.0. Conclusion. Interpretability experiments were conducted with two different architectures: the ResNet18 convolutional network and the ViT-B-16 attention-enhanced network. The results of the trained models were visualized using the GradCAM and Attention Rollout methods, respectively. First, experiments were conducted on a simple-to-interpret dataset to ensure they were used correctly. The methods are then applied to the set of histological images. In easy-to-understand images (cat images), the convolutional network is more consistent with human perception; on the contrary, in histological images of breast cancer, ViT-B-16 provided results much more similar to the expert's perception

Новационный анализ традиционных категорий базиса и надстройки в философском образовании

The article explains the problem of interaction between traditions and novations in socio-philosophic knowledge and education. The problem consists of their close interaction and connection with socio-political changes occurred in the society. The author pays attention to the periods of social resitudes failure which lead to changes in ideology and excluding of socio-political and socio-philosophic concepts. Sublation of the old often turns to be the simple and not the dialectic. This happened to the Soviet social philosophy and philosophic education in the beginning of nineties of XX. At that time publications were aimed at total sublation of socio-philosophic knowledge developed by many scientists in the Soviet period of scientfic development. The authors suppose that cognition development and the world a s a whole are subject to dialectics. It is necessary to transfer to the new knowledge by means of sublation of sublation, excluding the old dogmas but keeping knowledge creative “genetic core” made by predecessors. The author formulates the problem in gnoseological, methodological, axiological and educational aspects; it is an interaction between traditions and novations in philosophic knowledge on society when reaching integration and development in XXI century. It is a reflection of the interaction and novations in professional philosophic education. The paper reveals novational aspects of dialectic analysis of formation concept, basis and superstructure categories which reveal relations of primacy and replication, primary and secondary on the basis of synthetical dualism and philosophic consideration of the problem. It considers society basis as an essential moral and valuable parameter of social system, as a socio-cultural genotype or axiological fundamental of society. Thus, material and spiritual antithetical of basis and superstructure categories disappear as both of them appear to be dual ones. Then axiological fundamental component turns to be material and spiritual social genotype of society, the “core” of social society; and superstructure becomes material and ideal social phenotype and society “periphery”.Реферат. В статье обосновывается проблема взаимодействия традиций и новаций в социально-философском знании и образовании. Ее специфика в данных областях заключается в том, что они непосредственно связаны с кардинальными социально-политическими изменениями, происходящими в обществе. В периоды коренной ломки общественных устоев, как правило, меняется идеология, отбрасываются господствовавшие социально-политические и социально-философские концепции. Отрицание старого часто оказывается простым (уничтожающим), а не диалектическим. Так было и с советской социальной философией, с философским образованием в начале 90-х годов ХХ века, когда ряд публикаций был направлен на полное отрицание потенциала социально-философского знания, наработанного большим количеством ученых в течение советского периода отечественной науки. Авторы считают, что развитие познания, как и мир в целом, подчиняется законам диалектики. Необходим переход к новым знаниям путем отрицания отрицания, с отбрасыванием устаревших догм, но с сохранением творческого «генетического ядра» знаний, созданных предшественниками. В гносеологическом, методологическом, аксиологическом и образовательном аспектах проблема может быть сформулирована следующим образом. Это раскрытие взаимосвязи традиций и новаций в научно-философских знаниях об обществе на пути их дальнейшей интеграции и развития в новых условиях XXI века, а также отражение указанной взаимосвязи и новационных знаний в профессиональном философском образовании. Раскрываются новационные аспекты диалектического анализа формационной концепции, категорий базиса и надстройки, отражающих отношения первичности - вторичности, исходного и производного, на базе синтетического дуализма, системно-философского рассмотрения социальной реальности (объективно-субъективной по сути). Это позволяет рассматривать базис общества как сущностную материально-духовную ценностную характеристику социосистемы, как социокультурный генотип, или аксиологический базис общества. При этом исчезает материально-духовная антитеза базисно-надстроечных отношений, поскольку те и другие оказываются дуальными. Тогда аксиологический базис предстает как материально-идеальный социогенотип общества, «ядро» социосистемы, а надстройка - как материально-идеальный социофенотип, «периферия» общества