9 research outputs found
Soil loss tolerance of brown forest soils of Northwestern caucasus under intensive agriculture
yesΠΠ΅Π»ΠΠ£The graded actions in substantiation soil erosion control measures in foothill agrolandscapes are discussed. Several approaches for the evaluation of soil loss tolerance were investigated. The values of this loss were used as normative indicators in the development of measures on soil erosion contro
Soil loss tolerance of brown forest soils of Northwestern caucasus under intensive agriculture
The graded actions in substantiation soil erosion control measures in foothill agrolandscapes are discussed. Several approaches for the evaluation of soil loss tolerance were investigated. The values of this loss were used as normative indicators in the development of measures on soil erosion controlyesΠΠ΅Π»Π
THE PROBLEM OF SUBSTANTIATING THE EROSION-INDUCED PERMISSIBLE SOIL LOSS AND AN APPROACH TO ITS SOLUTION
ΠΠΎΠΊΠ°Π·Π°Π½ΠΎ, ΡΡΠΎ Π΄Π»Ρ ΡΠ°Π·ΡΠ°Π±ΠΎΡΠΊΠΈ ΡΡΡΠ°ΡΠ΅Π³ΠΈΠΈ ΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΈΡΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΠ·ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΏΠΎΡΠ²Π΅Π½Π½ΡΡ
ΡΠ΅ΡΡΡΡΠΎΠ² Π½Π΅ΠΎΠ±Ρ
ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠΌΠ° ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΡ, ΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΡΠ°Ρ Π΄ΠΎΠ»ΠΆΠ½Π° Π²ΠΊΠ»ΡΡΠ°ΡΡ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄Ρ ΡΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΡΡΡΠΈΡ
Π·Π°Π΄Π°Ρ: ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΡΡ ΠΎΡΠ΅Π½ΠΊΡ ΠΏΠΎΡΠ²Π΅Π½Π½ΡΡ
ΡΠ΅ΡΡΡΡΠΎΠ²; ΠΎΡΠ΅Π½ΠΊΡ ΠΈΡ
Π΄ΠΈΠ½Π°ΠΌΠΈΠΊΠΈ Π·Π° ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠ΅Π΄ΡΠ΅Π΅ Π²ΡΠ΅ΠΌΡ; Π΄ΠΎΠ»Π³ΠΎΡΡΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠ΅ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ³Π½ΠΎΠ·ΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ Π΄ΠΈΠ½Π°ΠΌΠΈΠΊΠΈ ΡΡΠΈΡ
ΡΠ΅ΡΡΡΡΠΎΠ²; ΠΏΠΎΠΈΡΠΊ ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΏΡΠΎΠΌΠΈΡΡΠΎΠ² ΠΌΠ΅ΠΆΠ΄Ρ Π½Π΅ΠΎΠ±Ρ
ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠΌΠΎΡΡΡΡ ΡΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ Π΄Π΅Π³ΡΠ°Π΄Π°ΡΠΈΠΈ (ΡΡΠΎΠ·ΠΈΠΈ) ΠΏΠΎΡΠ²Ρ ΠΈ ΠΈΠΌΠ΅ΡΡΠΈΠΌΠΈΡΡ ΡΠΊΠΎΠ½ΠΎΠΌΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΠΌΠΈ Π²ΠΎΠ·ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ½ΠΎΡΡΡΠΌΠΈ. ΠΠ° ΠΏΡΠΈΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ΅ ΡΡΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Π½ΡΡ
ΡΠ΅ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ·Π΅ΠΌΠΎΠ² ΠΏΠ°Ρ
ΠΎΡΠ½ΡΡ
Π·Π΅ΠΌΠ΅Π»Ρ ΠΡΡΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ ΠΎΠ±Π»Π°ΡΡΠΈ ΡΠ°ΡΡΠΌΠΎΡΡΠ΅Π½Ρ ΡΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΡΠΊΠ°Π·Π°Π½Π½ΡΡ
Π·Π°Π΄Π°Ρ. ΠΠΎΠ»ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²ΠΎ ΠΏΠΎΡΠ²Π΅Π½Π½ΡΡ
ΡΠ΅ΡΡΡΡΠΎΠ² ΠΎΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ²Π°Π»ΠΎΡΡ ΠΏΠ»ΠΎΡΠ°Π΄ΡΡ ΠΏΠ°ΡΠ½ΠΈ ΠΈ ΠΌΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΡΡ Π³ΡΠΌΡΡΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π³ΠΎΡΠΈΠ·ΠΎΠ½ΡΠ°, Π° ΠΈΡ
ΠΊΠ°ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²ΠΎ (ΠΏΠ»ΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΡΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠ΅, ΠΏΡΠΎΠ΄ΡΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎΡΡΡ) - Π·Π°ΠΏΠ°ΡΠ°ΠΌΠΈ Π³ΡΠΌΡΡΠ° Π² ΡΠ»ΠΎΠ΅ 0-50 ΡΠΌ. ΠΠΈΠ½Π°ΠΌΠΈΠΊΠ° ΠΏΠΎΡΠ²Π΅Π½Π½ΡΡ
ΡΠ΅ΡΡΡΡΠΎΠ² ΠΎΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ²Π°Π»Π°ΡΡ ΠΏΠΎ ΠΈΠ·ΠΌΠ΅Π½Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΡΡΠΈΡ
ΠΏΠ°ΡΠ°ΠΌΠ΅ΡΡΠΎΠ². ΠΡΠΈΠ²Π΅Π΄Π΅Π½Ρ Π΄Π°Π½Π½ΡΠ΅ ΠΏΠΎ ΡΠΎΠΊΡΠ°ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΡΠ΅ΡΡΡΡΠΎΠ² ΡΠ΅ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ·Π΅ΠΌΠΎΠ² ΠΎΡΠΈΠ΅Π½ΡΠΈΡΠΎΠ²ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎ ΡΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π· 200-250 Π»Π΅Ρ ΠΏΠΎΡΠ»Π΅ ΡΠ°ΡΠΏΠ°ΡΠΊΠΈ ΡΠ΅Π»ΠΈΠ½Ρ. ΠΠΎΠΊΠ°Π·Π°Π½ΠΎ, ΡΡΠΎ Π½Π° Π²ΠΎΡΡΡΠ°Π½ΠΎΠ²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΌΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ Π³ΡΠΌΡΡΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠ»ΠΎΡ ΡΡΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Π½ΡΡ
ΡΠ΅ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ·Π΅ΠΌΠΎΠ² ΠΏΠΎΡΡΠ΅Π±ΡΡΡΡΡ ΡΡΡΡΡΠ΅Π»Π΅ΡΠΈΡ, Π° Π½Π° Π²ΠΎΡΡΡΠ°Π½ΠΎΠ²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ Π·Π°ΠΏΠ°ΡΠΎΠ² Π³ΡΠΌΡΡΠ° - ΡΡΠΎΠ»Π΅ΡΠΈΡ. ΠΠ° Π±ΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠΎΠΉ ΠΏΠ»ΠΎΡΠ°Π΄ΠΈ ΠΏΠ°ΡΠ½ΠΈ ΠΎΡΡΠ°Π½ΠΎΠ²ΠΈΡΡ ΡΡΠΎΠ·ΠΈΡ Π·Π° ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΡΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎ ΠΌΠ°Π»ΠΎΠ΅ Π²ΡΠ΅ΠΌΡ ΠΏΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈ Π½Π΅Π²ΠΎΠ·ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ½ΠΎ. Π‘ΡΡΠ°ΡΠ΅Π³ΠΈΡ ΡΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΡΡΠΎΠ·ΠΈΠΈ Π²ΠΊΠ»ΡΡΠ°Π΅Ρ ΡΡΠ°ΠΏΡ, Π΄Π»Ρ ΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΡΡΡ
ΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄Π»ΠΎΠΆΠ΅Π½ ΠΏΠΎΠ΄Ρ
ΠΎΠ΄ ΠΊ ΠΎΡΠ΅Π½ΠΊΠ΅ Π΄ΠΎΠΏΡΡΡΠΈΠΌΡΡ
ΡΡΠΎΠ·ΠΈΠΎΠ½Π½ΡΡ
ΠΏΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΡ ΠΏΠΎΡΠ²Ρ (ΠΠΠΠ). ΠΡΠΎΡ ΠΏΠΎΠ΄Ρ
ΠΎΠ΄ ΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄ΡΡΠ°Π²Π»ΡΠ΅Ρ ΡΠΎΠ±ΠΎΠΉ ΠΏΠΎΠΈΡΠΊ ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΏΡΠΎΠΌΠΈΡΡΠ° ΠΌΠ΅ΠΆΠ΄Ρ ΡΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΡΡΡΡ ΠΏΠΎΡΠ²ΠΎΠΎΠ±ΡΠ°Π·ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ, ΠΈΠ·ΠΌΠ΅Π½Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ ΠΌΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ Π³ΡΠΌΡΡΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π³ΠΎΡΠΈΠ·ΠΎΠ½ΡΠ°, ΠΏΡΠΎΠ΄ΡΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ (ΠΊΠ°ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²Π°, ΠΏΠ»ΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΡΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΡ) ΠΏΠΎΡΠ²Ρ, ΡΠ»ΡΡΠ°ΠΉΠ½ΡΠΌ Ρ
Π°ΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠ΅ΡΠΎΠΌ ΡΡΠΎΠ·ΠΈΠΎΠ½Π½ΡΡ
ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΡΠΎΠ² ΠΈ, Ρ Π΄ΡΡΠ³ΠΎΠΉ ΡΡΠΎΡΠΎΠ½Ρ, ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠΈΠ²ΠΎΡΡΠΎΠ·ΠΈΠΎΠ½Π½ΡΡ
ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΎΠΏΡΠΈΡΡΠΈΠΉ Π² ΡΠΎΠΎΡΠ²Π΅ΡΡΡΠ²ΠΈΠΈ Ρ ΠΈΠΌΠ΅ΡΡΠΈΠΌΠΈΡΡ ΡΠΊΠΎΠ½ΠΎΠΌΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΠΌΠΈ Π²ΠΎΠ·ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ½ΠΎΡΡΡΠΌΠΈ. ΠΠ½Π°ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΠΠΠ Π΄ΠΎΠ»ΠΆΠ½Ρ ΡΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΡΠ°ΡΡΡΡ ΠΎΡ ΡΡΠ°ΠΏΠ° ΠΊ ΡΡΠ°ΠΏΡ, ΠΏΡΠΈΠ±Π»ΠΈΠΆΠ°ΡΡΡ ΠΊ ΡΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΠΏΠΎΡΠ²ΠΎΠΎΠ±ΡΠ°Π·ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ. Π Π°Π·ΡΠ°Π±ΠΎΡΠ°Π½Ρ Π·Π½Π°ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΠΠΠ Π΄Π»Ρ ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ²ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΡΠ°ΠΏΠ° (Π±Π΅Π· ΡΠΊΠΎΠ½ΠΎΠΌΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ ΠΎΡΠ΅Π½ΠΊΠΈ)
Assessment of soil infiltration capacity by using portable rainfall simulator
Under study was the possible assessment of soil infiltration capacity by using a portable rainfall simulator to irrigate a small area and avoid the development of rill erosion. For soil infiltration capacity an equation has been suggested, including erosion rain index AI as a criterion of similarity. The equation was verified for natural rainfalls (for catchments and runoff plots) and for artificial rain (for a runoff plot 5 m long and 5 m2 in size). To evaluate the soil infiltration capacity, the small runoff plots can be used, on which no rill erosion doesnβt take place. To verify this affirmation two experiments were conducted. In the first experiment a large rainfall simulator and a runoff plot 3 m long having the area 3 m2 in the field were used. Rill erosion took place on this runoff plot. In the second experiment a portable rainfall simulator and a runoff plot shaped as a circle with the area 0.05 m2 were used (rill erosion did not take place). The experiment was conducted in the laboratory by using the soil monoliths taken in the same field. For both rainfall simulators the raindrops were of the same size, they fell down from the same height, the rainfall intensity was constant, but the values of these parameters seemed to be different. In experiments a close dependence between the soil infiltration capacity and the index AI was established. The use of the portable rainfall simulator requires expenses to a lesser extent