9 research outputs found

    Soil loss tolerance of brown forest soils of Northwestern caucasus under intensive agriculture

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    yesΠ‘Π΅Π»Π“Π£The graded actions in substantiation soil erosion control measures in foothill agrolandscapes are discussed. Several approaches for the evaluation of soil loss tolerance were investigated. The values of this loss were used as normative indicators in the development of measures on soil erosion contro

    Soil loss tolerance of brown forest soils of Northwestern caucasus under intensive agriculture

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    The graded actions in substantiation soil erosion control measures in foothill agrolandscapes are discussed. Several approaches for the evaluation of soil loss tolerance were investigated. The values of this loss were used as normative indicators in the development of measures on soil erosion controlyesΠ‘Π΅Π»Π“

    THE PROBLEM OF SUBSTANTIATING THE EROSION-INDUCED PERMISSIBLE SOIL LOSS AND AN APPROACH TO ITS SOLUTION

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    Показано, Ρ‡Ρ‚ΠΎ для Ρ€Π°Π·Ρ€Π°Π±ΠΎΡ‚ΠΊΠΈ стратСгии Ρ€Π°Ρ†ΠΈΠΎΠ½Π°Π»ΡŒΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ использования ΠΏΠΎΡ‡Π²Π΅Π½Π½Ρ‹Ρ… рСсурсов Π½Π΅ΠΎΠ±Ρ…ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠΌΠ° мСтодология, которая Π΄ΠΎΠ»ΠΆΠ½Π° Π²ΠΊΠ»ΡŽΡ‡Π°Ρ‚ΡŒ ΠΌΠ΅Ρ‚ΠΎΠ΄Ρ‹ Ρ€Π΅ΡˆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΡƒΡŽΡ‰ΠΈΡ… Π·Π°Π΄Π°Ρ‡: ΠΎΠ±ΡŠΠ΅ΠΊΡ‚ΠΈΠ²Π½ΡƒΡŽ ΠΎΡ†Π΅Π½ΠΊΡƒ ΠΏΠΎΡ‡Π²Π΅Π½Π½Ρ‹Ρ… рСсурсов; ΠΎΡ†Π΅Π½ΠΊΡƒ ΠΈΡ… Π΄ΠΈΠ½Π°ΠΌΠΈΠΊΠΈ Π·Π° ΠΏΡ€ΠΎΡˆΠ΅Π΄ΡˆΠ΅Π΅ врСмя; долгосрочноС ΠΏΡ€ΠΎΠ³Π½ΠΎΠ·ΠΈΡ€ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ Π΄ΠΈΠ½Π°ΠΌΠΈΠΊΠΈ этих рСсурсов; поиск компромиссов ΠΌΠ΅ΠΆΠ΄Ρƒ Π½Π΅ΠΎΠ±Ρ…ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠΌΠΎΡΡ‚ΡŒΡŽ ΡƒΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡŒΡˆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ Π΄Π΅Π³Ρ€Π°Π΄Π°Ρ†ΠΈΠΈ (эрозии) ΠΏΠΎΡ‡Π²Ρ‹ ΠΈ ΠΈΠΌΠ΅ΡŽΡ‰ΠΈΠΌΠΈΡΡ экономичСскими возмоТностями. На ΠΏΡ€ΠΈΠΌΠ΅Ρ€Π΅ эродированных Ρ‡Π΅Ρ€Π½ΠΎΠ·Π΅ΠΌΠΎΠ² ΠΏΠ°Ρ…ΠΎΡ‚Π½Ρ‹Ρ… зСмСль ΠšΡƒΡ€ΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ области рассмотрСны Ρ€Π΅ΡˆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΡƒΠΊΠ°Π·Π°Π½Π½Ρ‹Ρ… Π·Π°Π΄Π°Ρ‡. ΠšΠΎΠ»ΠΈΡ‡Π΅ΡΡ‚Π²ΠΎ ΠΏΠΎΡ‡Π²Π΅Π½Π½Ρ‹Ρ… рСсурсов ΠΎΡ†Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ²Π°Π»ΠΎΡΡŒ ΠΏΠ»ΠΎΡ‰Π°Π΄ΡŒΡŽ пашни ΠΈ ΠΌΠΎΡ‰Π½ΠΎΡΡ‚ΡŒΡŽ гумусового Π³ΠΎΡ€ΠΈΠ·ΠΎΠ½Ρ‚Π°, Π° ΠΈΡ… качСство (ΠΏΠ»ΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΡ€ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠ΅, ΠΏΡ€ΠΎΠ΄ΡƒΠΊΡ‚ΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎΡΡ‚ΡŒ) - запасами гумуса Π² слоС 0-50 см. Π”ΠΈΠ½Π°ΠΌΠΈΠΊΠ° ΠΏΠΎΡ‡Π²Π΅Π½Π½Ρ‹Ρ… рСсурсов ΠΎΡ†Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ²Π°Π»Π°ΡΡŒ ΠΏΠΎ измСнСнию этих ΠΏΠ°Ρ€Π°ΠΌΠ΅Ρ‚Ρ€ΠΎΠ². ΠŸΡ€ΠΈΠ²Π΅Π΄Π΅Π½Ρ‹ Π΄Π°Π½Π½Ρ‹Π΅ ΠΏΠΎ ΡΠΎΠΊΡ€Π°Ρ‰Π΅Π½ΠΈΡŽ рСсурсов Ρ‡Π΅Ρ€Π½ΠΎΠ·Π΅ΠΌΠΎΠ² ΠΎΡ€ΠΈΠ΅Π½Ρ‚ΠΈΡ€ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΡ‡Π½ΠΎ Ρ‡Π΅Ρ€Π΅Π· 200-250 Π»Π΅Ρ‚ послС Ρ€Π°ΡΠΏΠ°ΡˆΠΊΠΈ Ρ†Π΅Π»ΠΈΠ½Ρ‹. Показано, Ρ‡Ρ‚ΠΎ Π½Π° восстановлСниС мощности гумусового слоя эродированных Ρ‡Π΅Ρ€Π½ΠΎΠ·Π΅ΠΌΠΎΠ² ΠΏΠΎΡ‚Ρ€Π΅Π±ΡƒΡŽΡ‚ΡΡ тысячСлСтия, Π° Π½Π° восстановлСниС запасов гумуса - столСтия. На большой ΠΏΠ»ΠΎΡ‰Π°Π΄ΠΈ пашни ΠΎΡΡ‚Π°Π½ΠΎΠ²ΠΈΡ‚ΡŒ ΡΡ€ΠΎΠ·ΠΈΡŽ Π·Π° ΠΎΡ‚Π½ΠΎΡΠΈΡ‚Π΅Π»ΡŒΠ½ΠΎ ΠΌΠ°Π»ΠΎΠ΅ врСмя практичСски Π½Π΅Π²ΠΎΠ·ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ½ΠΎ. БтратСгия ΡƒΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡŒΡˆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ эрозии Π²ΠΊΠ»ΡŽΡ‡Π°Π΅Ρ‚ этапы, для ΠΊΠΎΡ‚ΠΎΡ€Ρ‹Ρ… ΠΏΡ€Π΅Π΄Π»ΠΎΠΆΠ΅Π½ ΠΏΠΎΠ΄Ρ…ΠΎΠ΄ ΠΊ ΠΎΡ†Π΅Π½ΠΊΠ΅ допустимых эрозионных ΠΏΠΎΡ‚Π΅Ρ€ΡŒ ΠΏΠΎΡ‡Π²Ρ‹ (Π”Π­ΠŸΠŸ). Π­Ρ‚ΠΎΡ‚ ΠΏΠΎΠ΄Ρ…ΠΎΠ΄ прСдставляСт собой поиск компромисса ΠΌΠ΅ΠΆΠ΄Ρƒ ΡΠΊΠΎΡ€ΠΎΡΡ‚ΡŒΡŽ почвообразования, ΠΈΠ·ΠΌΠ΅Π½Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ мощности гумусового Π³ΠΎΡ€ΠΈΠ·ΠΎΠ½Ρ‚Π°, продуктивности (качСства, плодородия) ΠΏΠΎΡ‡Π²Ρ‹, случайным Ρ…Π°Ρ€Π°ΠΊΡ‚Π΅Ρ€ΠΎΠΌ эрозионных процСссов ΠΈ, с Π΄Ρ€ΡƒΠ³ΠΎΠΉ стороны, противоэрозионных мСроприятий Π² соотвСтствии с ΠΈΠΌΠ΅ΡŽΡ‰ΠΈΠΌΠΈΡΡ экономичСскими возмоТностями. ЗначСния Π”Π­ΠŸΠŸ Π΄ΠΎΠ»ΠΆΠ½Ρ‹ ΡƒΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡŒΡˆΠ°Ρ‚ΡŒΡΡ ΠΎΡ‚ этапа ΠΊ этапу, ΠΏΡ€ΠΈΠ±Π»ΠΈΠΆΠ°ΡΡΡŒ ΠΊ скорости почвообразования. Π Π°Π·Ρ€Π°Π±ΠΎΡ‚Π°Π½Ρ‹ значСния Π”Π­ΠŸΠŸ для ΠΏΠ΅Ρ€Π²ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ этапа (Π±Π΅Π· экономичСской ΠΎΡ†Π΅Π½ΠΊΠΈ)

    Assessment of soil infiltration capacity by using portable rainfall simulator

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    Under study was the possible assessment of soil infiltration capacity by using a portable rainfall simulator to irrigate a small area and avoid the development of rill erosion. For soil infiltration capacity an equation has been suggested, including erosion rain index AI as a criterion of similarity. The equation was verified for natural rainfalls (for catchments and runoff plots) and for artificial rain (for a runoff plot 5 m long and 5 m2 in size). To evaluate the soil infiltration capacity, the small runoff plots can be used, on which no rill erosion doesn’t take place. To verify this affirmation two experiments were conducted. In the first experiment a large rainfall simulator and a runoff plot 3 m long having the area 3 m2 in the field were used. Rill erosion took place on this runoff plot. In the second experiment a portable rainfall simulator and a runoff plot shaped as a circle with the area 0.05 m2 were used (rill erosion did not take place). The experiment was conducted in the laboratory by using the soil monoliths taken in the same field. For both rainfall simulators the raindrops were of the same size, they fell down from the same height, the rainfall intensity was constant, but the values of these parameters seemed to be different. In experiments a close dependence between the soil infiltration capacity and the index AI was established. The use of the portable rainfall simulator requires expenses to a lesser extent

    Dynamic Meteorology Research in Russia, 2015–2018

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