Адаптація жінок до материнства після фізіологічних пологів і психологічна готовність до ранньої виписки з акушерського стаціонару

Introduction. Nowadays problem of maternity acquires relevance, being one of the most difficult and little worked out area of science. One of the major stages of a puerperal period in development of maternity is the acquaintance with a child, his psychological acceptance as independent person, adaptation to him, and the essence of maternity changes on the whole. Thus researches studying the psychological aspects of puerperium, are small and fragmentary.Thereby, the aim of work was to estimate women adaptation to maternity after physiological partum and psychological readiness to the early maternity hospital discharge.Materials and research methods. There was made a psychodiagnostic examination of 110 puerperanten with the different parity of partum on the second day of postpartum. Group A - primiparas – 64 women, group B – secundiparas - 46 patients. A criterion of including in clinical groups was a physiological during of partum and postpartum.Results of researches and their discussion. The moderate personality anxiety was characteristic for majority primiparas (68,7 %) and secundiparas (63,0 %). Middle level of rigidity for delieryin group A (8,5±3,3 points) was lower than in the group B (9,3±3,2 points) (р>0,05). Almost the third part (28,3 %) of secundiparas and 42,2 % primiparas of women have the subzero index of rigidity (р<0,05). Moderate rigidity occured in 37 (57,8 %) puerperanten of group A and 32 (69,5 %) – group B. The high level of rigidity was found only in secundiparas patients (2,2 %). High rigidity does not allow to react flexibly on the changing necessities of child, that can make problems in co-operating with a baby, wrong evaluation of the possibilities of mother and child. The comparative estimation of levels of frustration and aggressiveness marked absence of reliable differences. Reactive anxiety had a greater mean value (40,2±7,4 points) in a group B, exceeding this index in a group A on 1,4 point (38,8±10,6 points). High situation anxiety in 2,0 time more often diagnosed for patients after the repeated partus (28,3 % against 14,1 % for primiparas). A moderate anxiety occurred in 48 (75,0 %) primiparas and 29 (63,0 %) secundiparas.Conclusions.1. Adaptation to maternity in a puerperal period and psychological readiness to the hospital discharge is characterized by the levels of rigidity and situation anxiety.2. Most puerperanten on the second day of puerperal period have the formed psychological readiness to maternity and hospital discharge with new-born.3. Psychological disadaptation with greater frequency is diagnosed in women after the repeated partum.4. The psychodiagnosis examination of puerperanten is recommended for the estimation of adaptation to maternity as one of objective tests of readiness to the maternity hospital discharge.Послеродовый период – особый в жизни женщины, сопровождающийся интенсивной перестройкой как физиологических процессов, так и психической сферы личности. С целью оценки адаптации к материнству проведено психодиагностическое обследование 110 рожениц на вторые сутки после физиологических родов. Использовали шкалы реактивной и личностной тревожности Спилберга-Ханина и тест «Самооценка психических состояний» Г. Айзенка. Для большинства перво- и повторнородящих характерна умеренная личностная тревожность. Почти у третьей части (28,3%) повторнородящих и у 42,2% первородящих женщин определили низкий показатель ригидности (р<0,05). Сравнительная оценка уровней фрустрации и агрессивности отметила отсутствие достоверных отличий. Высокая ситуативная тревожность в 2,0 раза чаще диагностирована у пациенток после повторных родов (28,3% против 14,1% у первородящих). Доказано, что на вторые сутки послеродового периода большинство рожениц имеют сформированную психологическую готовность к материнству и выписке с новорожденным домой, однако после повторных родов чаще возникает психологическая дизадаптация.Післяпологовий період – особливий у житті жінки, супроводжується інтенсивною перебудовою як фізіологічних процесів, так і психічної сфери особистості. Для оцінювання адаптації до материнства виконали психодіагностичне обстеження 110 породіль на другу добу після фізіологічних пологів. Використовували шкали реактивної й особистісної тривожності Спілберга-Ханіна та тест «Самооцінка психічних станів» Г. Айзенка. Для більшості жінок, які народили вперше чи повторно, характерна помірна особистісна тривожність. Майже у третини (28,3%) жінок після повторних пологів й у 42,2% після перших виявили низький показник ригідності (р<0,05). Порівняльне оцінювання рівнів фрустрації й агресивності визначило відсутність достовірних відмінностей. Високу ситуативну тривожність в 2,0 раза частіше діагностували у пацієнток після повторних пологів (28,3% проти 14,1% у жінок, які народили вперше). Доведено, що на другу добу післяпологового періоду більшість породіль мають сформовану психологічну готовність до материнства та виписки з новонародженим додому, але після повторних пологів частіше виникає психологічна дизадаптація.  

Women adaptation to maternity after physiological delivery and psychological readiness to the early discharge from obstetric department

Introduction. Nowadays problem of maternity acquires relevance, being one of the most difficult and little worked out area of science. One of the major stages of a puerperal period in development of maternity is the acquaintance with a child, his psychological acceptance as independent person, adaptation to him, and the essence of maternity changes on the whole. Thus researches studying the psychological aspects of puerperium, are small and fragmentary. Thereby, the aim of work was to estimate women adaptation to maternity after physiological partum and psychological readiness to the early maternity hospital discharge. Materials and research methods. There was made a psychodiagnostic examination of 110 puerperanten with the different parity of partum on the second day of postpartum. Group A - primiparas – 64 women, group B – secundiparas - 46 patients. A criterion of including in clinical groups was a physiological during of partum and postpartum. Results of researches and their discussion. The moderate personality anxiety was characteristic for majority primiparas (68,7 %) and secundiparas (63,0 %). Middle level of rigidity for delieryin group A (8,5±3,3 points) was lower than in the group B (9,3±3,2 points) (р>0,05). Almost the third part (28,3 %) of secundiparas and 42,2 % primiparas of women have the subzero index of rigidity (р<0,05). Moderate rigidity occured in 37 (57,8 %) puerperanten of group A and 32 (69,5 %) – group B. The high level of rigidity was found only in secundiparas patients (2,2 %). High rigidity does not allow to react flexibly on the changing necessities of child, that can make problems in co-operating with a baby, wrong evaluation of the possibilities of mother and child. The comparative estimation of levels of frustration and aggressiveness marked absence of reliable differences. Reactive anxiety had a greater mean value (40,2±7,4 points) in a group B, exceeding this index in a group A on 1,4 point (38,8±10,6 points). High situation anxiety in 2,0 time more often diagnosed for patients after the repeated partus (28,3 % against 14,1 % for primiparas). A moderate anxiety occurred in 48 (75,0 %) primiparas and 29 (63,0 %) secundiparas. Conclusions. 1. Adaptation to maternity in a puerperal period and psychological readiness to the hospital discharge is characterized by the levels of rigidity and situation anxiety. 2. Most puerperanten on the second day of puerperal period have the formed psychological readiness to maternity and hospital discharge with new-born. 3. Psychological disadaptation with greater frequency is diagnosed in women after the repeated partum. 4. The psychodiagnosis examination of puerperanten is recommended for the estimation of adaptation to maternity as one of objective tests of readiness to the maternity hospital discharge