Human β-defensin-3gene expression in mucosa of ORL organs

The aim of present study was to investigate the hBD-3 gene expression in the surface epithelium of mucosa in ORL organs. We have studied a total of 210 mucosal samples, obtained at the most frequent surgical intervantions from 5 different anatomical functional areas: nose and paranasal sinuses, middle ear, nasopharynx, oropharynx, larynx. The inferior turbinate mucosa (1) and the normal middle nasal passage mucosa (2) served as controls. Estimation of hBD-3 and β-actin gene expression was performed by reverse transcription and realtime PCR. In the nasal and sino-nasal mucosa, only negligible expression levels were detected in 14.29-33.33% of samples, most often in the specimens from the middle nasal passage and ethmoid labyrinth polyps (53.84%), being absent in hypertrophic inferior turbinate. In the middle ear cavity, the frequency detection of the hBD-3 gene expression varied from 7.69% in the stapes superstructures mucosa to 53.85% of the mucosal samples in the presence of cholesteatoma. hBD-3 gene expression was detected in most tissue samples with high microbial contamination: palatine tonsils (100%); adenoid hypertrophy (84.62%); adenoids in hypertrophic states of adenoids and palatine tonsils (87.5%); laryngeal fibrous-vascular polyps (87.5%); other laryngeal pathology (77.78% of the samples). The highest levels of hBD-3 gene expression were found in laryngeal fibrous-vascular polyps. The findings presumed two functionally different types of immune response in mucosa of the ORL organs. In the anatomical-functional areas lined with ciliated epithelium (middle and inferior nasal passages, maxillary and ethmoid sinuses, middle ear), significantly lower frequencies (Fisher's exact test, p < 0.05 to p < 0.001) and levels (Mann-Whitney test, p < 0.05 to p < 0.001) of hBD-3 gene expression were detected, except of polyps of the middle nasal passage and ethmoid labyrinth, and mucosa of the tympanic cavity in cholesteatoma, which may be related to the nature of the pathological process. In the areas lined with squamous epithelium or a combination of squamous and ciliated epithelium, hBD-3 gene expression was detected almost everywhere and at significantly higher levels. In the context of chronic inflammation and infection-related diseases of the ORL organs, in addition to the direct microbicidal activity of hBD-3 as the first line of immune response, one may suggest peptide dysregulation and, even, pathogenetic effects of hBD-3, e.g., increased sensitivity to infections, pathological changes in the composition of the commensal bacteria, fibrous remodeling

НАПРУЖЕНИЙ СТАН МАСИВУ НАВКОЛО КОМПЕНСАЦІЙНИХ КАМЕР

Results of the analysis of the rock massif stress condition and of rock deformation around the cavities including compensation chambers in the process of ore mining on deep horizons are presentedПриведены результаты анализа напряженного состояния массива и изучены деформации пород вокруг полостей, в том числе компенсационных камер, при добыче руды на глубоких горизонтах шахтНаведено результати аналізу напруженого стану масиву та вивчення деформації порід навколо порожнин, у тому числі компенсаційних камер, при видобутку руди на глибоких горизонтах шах

EPIDEMIOLOGIC AND DEMOGRAPHIC FEATURES OF INTRACRANIAL OTO- AND RHINOSINUSOGENIC PYOINFLAMMATORY COMPLICATIONS IN RUSSIAN FEDERATION

An analysis of demographic and epidemiologic situation was made in cases of otogenic and rhinosinusogenic intracranial complications on the area of 32 regions of Russian Federation at the period from 2009 to 2014. The state of ENT-service of examined subject is characterized by reduction of provision of during ENT-beds and lower level of hospitalization of population over indicated period. There was revealed a reliable correlated dependence of the main medical statistical indices from the intracranial complications with climatic and demographic factors, the rate of morbidity and activities of ENT-service in the area of this region

Development of the Experimental Technology for Protective Antigens of <i>Vibrio cholerae</i> 569B Inaba Concentration by Means of Tangential Ultrafiltration

Worked out is the experimental technology for protective antigens of Vibrio cholerae 569 B Inaba (cholera-anatoxin and O-antigen) concentrating by means of tangential ultrafiltration. Optimization of concentrating technological process is carried out. This technique makes it possible to obtain cholera vaccine components meeting all regulatory requirements

CLINICODIAGNOSTIC FEATURES OF OTORHINOSINUSOGENIC INTRACRANIAL PYOINFLAMMATORY DISEASES COMPLICATED BY SEPSIS

The authors analyzed 60 clinical cases of follow-up study of patients aged 14 to 76 years old with otorhinosinusogenic intracranial complications and sepsis. Diseases of ENT organs were as the primary foci of infection-inflammatory processes. There were noted otitis media in 24 (40%) patients, rhinosinusitis - in 19 (31,7%) patients, combined purulent lesions of the middle ear and paranasal sinuses - in 17 (28,3%) patients. Purulent meningitis was diagnosed in 22 (46,7%) cases, purulent meningoencephalitis - in 38 (63,3%) patients. All treated patients were diagnosed with sepsis, including severe sepsis with multiple organ failure in 27 (45%) patients. The lethality consisted of 44,5% in group of patients with severe sepsis. The early diagnostics of systemic inflammatory response, sepsis, organosystemic disorders, practical application of modern algorithm of diagnostics and treatment, medico-economic standards of sepsis are necessary in order to start specialized intensive treatment on time. The patients should be transferred to septic center. Modern surgical and therapeutic methods must be applied. These approaches to treatment have a direct impact on the prognosis and outcome in each clinical case

CLINICAL AND EPIDEMIOLOGICAL FEATURES OF INTRACRANIAL COMPLICATIONS OF INFLAMMATORY DISEASES OF THE ENT ORGANS IN CONDITIONS OF THE EAST-SIBERIAN REGION OF RUSSIAN FEDERATION

The authors investigated the epidemiological and clinical features of otogenic and rhinosinusogenic intracranial complications in East-Siberian region of Russian Federation. The rate of intracranial complications consisted of 0,2±0,1% in patients of ENT hospitals in Sakha- Yakutia, Krasnoyarsk Territory, Irkutsk Region, Republic of Tuva. The intracranial inflammatory pathology of otogenic nature was diagnosed two times more frequent than rhinosinusogenic. Meningitis was revealed at the same rate as lesions of brain substance (encephalitis, epi- and subdural abscesses). The high clinical efficacy was shown in surgical treatment of purulent polysinusitis using W. Messerklinger method of functional endoscopic rhinosinusosurgery (FESS). The method of transtemporal incision and drainage of otogenic abscess of the brain temporal lobe has a number of essential defects, because of them, the indications for application of this method should be considered and specified. It is necessary to have an interdisciplinary approach and use the modern achievements of medical science in order to develop the efficacy of treatment of given category of patients

FEATURES OF OTOGENIC INTRACRANIAL COMPLICATIONS AT THE PRESENT STAGE

A retrospective analysis of treatment was made in 127 adult patients with acute and chronic otitis media complicated by suppurative-inflammatory pathology of the brain. Purulent meningitis was revealed in 52 (40,9%) of hospitalized patients. Meningoencephalitis was often diagnosed in the cases of acute otitis media (15,4%) and in cases of chronic otitis (22,7%). The otogenic brain abscess was detected in 13,5% of otitis media cases and it was noted to be twice frequent (33,3%) in cases of purulent otitis media. The patients 124 (97,6%) have been operated. An extended mastoidotomy and antromastoidotomy were performed in the acute purulent otitis media. An extended radical operation on the ear was applied in case of chronic otitis media. Performance of craniotomy and complete removal of the abscess using modern systems of neuronavigation showed a higher clinical efficacy as compared with transtemporal approach during sanitizing intervention on the ear including the opening and abscess drainage in surgery of otogenic abscesses of the brain