Газовый разряд в плазме и синтез ядер

A physical model of gas discharges, which are one of the four physical processes leading to the formation of heavy elements, is proposed. The possibility of synthesis of heavy elements in laboratory conditions is shown. The results of the study suggest that in the early stages of the evolution of the Universe, the cause of the formation of heavy elements from the hydrogen-helium medium is gas discharges-lightning.Разработана физическая модель газовых разрядов являющихся одним из четырех физических процессов, приводящих к образованию тяжелых элементов. Показана возможность синтеза тяжелых элементов в лабораторных условиях. Результаты исследования дают основание полагать, что на ранних этапах эволюции Вселенной причиной образования тяжелых элементов из водородно-гелиевой среды являются газовые разряды – молнии

Volcanic rocks from the submarine Vityaz Ridge: their age, chemical and isotopic compositions

Results of geological studies at the submarine Vityaz Ridge carried out during cruises 37 and 41 of R/V Akademik Lavrent'ev in 2005 and 2006 are reported. The studied area is located at an near-island trench of the slope in the central part of the Kuril Island arc. Morphologically it consists of two parts: an inner volcanic arc represented by the Great Kuril Range and an outer arc corresponding to the submarine Vityaz Ridge. Diverse rocks composing the basement and the sedimentary cover of the ridge were recovered by dredging. Based on K-Ar dating and geochemistry, volcanics were divided into Paleocene, Eocene, late Oligocene, and Pliocene-Pleistocene complexes. Each of the complexes reflects a tectonomagmatic stage in the ridge evolution. Geochemical and isotope data on the volcanics indicate contribution of ancient crustal material in the magma source and, correspondingly, formation of this structure on the continental basement. Two-stage model ages (TDM2) vary in a wide range from zero values in mafic rocks to 0.77 Ga in felsic varieties, pointing to presence of Precambrian protolith in the source of the felsic rocks of the Vityaz Ridge. The Pliocene-Pleistocene volcanics are classed with tholeiitic, calc-alkaline, and subalkaline series, which differ in alkali contents and REE fractionation. Values of (La/Sm)_n and (La/Yb)_n ratios vary from 0.74 and 0.84 in the tholeiitic varieties to 1.19 and 1.44 in the calc-alkaline and 2.32 and 3.73 in the subalkaline rocks. All three varieties occur within the same volcanic edifices and formed during differentiation of magmatic melts that were channeled along fault zones from the mantle source slightly enriched in crustal component

Physical Model of the Earth’s Magnetic Field

The article considers the feasibility of generation inside the Earth the electric current, which is the source of its magnetic field. The analysis of the existing kinematic models of electric current generation in the Earth's core is presented. It is noted that at the present stage of development of the Earth Sciences, these models do not work properly, because of the demand of definition a significant number the parameters describing the internal processes in the core. The article discusses the physical model of the Earth's magnetic field based on the generation a thermoelectric power in a closed electric circuit consisting of two dissimilar conductors. It is considered as the cause of sustained electrical current in the Earth's core between the contacts with different temperatures. In view of the rotation of the Earth, it is shown that an electrical current resulting in solid core is solenoid in the nature that allows giving an idea of the hard core as a magnetic dipole

Modern problems of geochemical and U-Pb geochronological studies of zircon in oceanic rocks

We present results of zircon LA-ICP-MS U–Pb, Lu–Hf, and trace-element study in combination with whole-rock Sm-Nd and Rb-Sr isotope data on the magmatic rocks of the Markov Deep and Ashadze hydrothermal field (Mid-Atlantic Ridge). Zircon from three gabbronorite samples in the Markov Deep defined an U–Pb ages between 0.90 ± 0.02 and 2.00 ± 0.05 Ma, with the youngest age found in the deepest sample. Zircons from four samples of gabbros and trondhjemites of the Ashadze Field have identical ages: from 1.04 ± 0.07 to 1.12 ± 0.09 Ma. Plagioclase troctolite from the Markov Deep (sample I-1069/19) contains exotic zircon grains with ages widely ranging from 90 Ma to 3.2 Ga, which is inconsistent with age of the rocks in the Mid-Atlantic Ridge. Several hypotheses are discussed to explain the origin of such exotic grains, in particular, their formation at mantle depths, or reaching these depths with subducted crust, and others. Experimental study of zirconium solubility shows that the mafic and ultramafic melts could be oversaturated with respect to zirconium only at unrealistically high contents, which usually do not occur in the corresponding rocks. Entrapped xenogenic zircon must be dissolved in the mafic and ultramafic melts and its finds in these rocks presumably indicate its disequilibrium precipitation. Zircon could be formed in the intrusive mafic rocks at the final stages of fractional crystallization, which explains the presence of own zircon in gabbroids. Zircon is very stable in crustal magmatic processes, especially at lowered activity of alkalis, but almost instantly (on geological scale) loses radiogenic lead by diffusion way under upper mantle conditions (1300–1500°C). While applying REE distribution for interpreting zircon origin, as many as possible elements should be analyzed to discriminate between intrinsic zircon element distribution and anomalies caused by defects in its structure.27 page(s

Time of the formation of the oceanic core complex of the Ashadze hydrothermal field in the Mid-Atlantic Ridge (12°58' N) : evidence from zircon study

5 page(s