7,600 research outputs found
Weak Lensing Reconstruction by Counting DECaLS Galaxies
Alternative to weak lensing measurements through cosmic shear, we present a
weak lensing convergence map reconstructed through cosmic
magnification effect in DECaLS galaxies of the DESI imaging surveys DR9. This
is achieved by linearly weighing maps of galaxy number overdensity in
different magnitude bins of photometry bands. The weight is designed to
eliminate the mean galaxy deterministic bias, minimize galaxy shot noise while
maintaining the lensing convergence signal. We also perform corrections of
imaging systematics in the galaxy number overdensity. The map
has deg sky coverage. Given the low number density of DECaLS
galaxies, the map is overwhelmed by shot noise and the map
quality is difficult to evaluate using the lensing auto-correlation.
Alternatively, we measure its cross-correlation with the cosmic shear catalogs
of DECaLS galaxies of DESI imaging surveys DR8, which has deg
overlap in sky coverage with the map. We detect a
convergence-shear cross-correlation signal with . The analysis
also shows that the galaxy intrinsic clustering is suppressed by a factor
and the residual galaxy clustering contamination in the
map is consistent with zero. Various tests with different galaxy
and shear samples, and the Akaike information criterion analysis all support
the lensing detection. So is the imaging systematics corrections, which enhance
the lensing signal detection by . We discuss various issues for
further improvement of the measurements
A Multi-tasking Model of Speaker-Keyword Classification for Keeping Human in the Loop of Drone-assisted Inspection
Audio commands are a preferred communication medium to keep inspectors in the
loop of civil infrastructure inspection performed by a semi-autonomous drone.
To understand job-specific commands from a group of heterogeneous and dynamic
inspectors, a model must be developed cost-effectively for the group and easily
adapted when the group changes. This paper is motivated to build a
multi-tasking deep learning model that possesses a Share-Split-Collaborate
architecture. This architecture allows the two classification tasks to share
the feature extractor and then split subject-specific and keyword-specific
features intertwined in the extracted features through feature projection and
collaborative training. A base model for a group of five authorized subjects is
trained and tested on the inspection keyword dataset collected by this study.
The model achieved a 95.3% or higher mean accuracy in classifying the keywords
of any authorized inspectors. Its mean accuracy in speaker classification is
99.2%. Due to the richer keyword representations that the model learns from the
pooled training data, adapting the base model to a new inspector requires only
a little training data from that inspector, like five utterances per keyword.
Using the speaker classification scores for inspector verification can achieve
a success rate of at least 93.9% in verifying authorized inspectors and 76.1%
in detecting unauthorized ones. Further, the paper demonstrates the
applicability of the proposed model to larger-size groups on a public dataset.
This paper provides a solution to addressing challenges facing AI-assisted
human-robot interaction, including worker heterogeneity, worker dynamics, and
job heterogeneity.Comment: Accepted by Engineering Applications of Artificial Intelligence
journal on Oct 31th. Upload the accepted clean versio
BPTF promotes tumor growth and predicts poor prognosis in lung adenocarcinomas.
BPTF, a subunit of NURF, is well known to be involved in the development of eukaryotic cell, but little is known about its roles in cancers, especially in non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Here we showed that BPTF was specifically overexpressed in NSCLC cell lines and lung adenocarcinoma tissues. Knockdown of BPTF by siRNA significantly inhibited cell proliferation, induced cell apoptosis and arrested cell cycle progress from G1 to S phase. We also found that BPTF knockdown downregulated the expression of the phosphorylated Erk1/2, PI3K and Akt proteins and induced the cleavage of caspase-8, caspase-7 and PARP proteins, thereby inhibiting the MAPK and PI3K/AKT signaling and activating apoptotic pathway. BPTF knockdown by siRNA also upregulated the cell cycle inhibitors such as p21 and p18 but inhibited the expression of cyclin D, phospho-Rb and phospho-cdc2 in lung cancer cells. Moreover, BPTF knockdown by its specific shRNA inhibited lung cancer growth in vivo in the xenografts of A549 cells accompanied by the suppression of VEGF, p-Erk and p-Akt expression. Immunohistochemical assay for tumor tissue microarrays of lung tumor tissues showed that BPTF overexpression predicted a poor prognosis in the patients with lung adenocarcinomas. Therefore, our data indicate that BPTF plays an essential role in cell growth and survival by targeting multiply signaling pathways in human lung cancers
The pathophysiology of degenerative cervical myelopathy and the physiology of recovery following decompression
Background: Degenerative cervical myelopathy (DCM), also known as cervical spondylotic myelopathy is the leading cause of spinal cord compression in adults. The mainstay of treatment is surgical decompression, which leads to partial recovery of symptoms, however, long term prognosis of the condition remains poor. Despite advances in treatment methods, the underlying pathobiology is not well-known. A better understanding of the disease is therefore required for the development of treatments to improve outcomes following surgery.
Objective: To systematically evaluate the pathophysiology of DCM and the mechanism underlying recovery following decompression.
Methods: A total of 13,808 published articles were identified in our systematic search of electronic databases (PUBMED, WEB OF SCIENCE). A total of 51 studies investigating the secondary injury mechanisms of DCM or physiology of recovery in animal models of disease underwent comprehensive review.
Results: Forty-seven studies addressed the pathophysiology of DCM. Majority of the studies demonstrated evidence of neuronal loss following spinal cord compression. A number of studies provided further details of structural changes in neurons such as myelin damage and axon degeneration. The mechanisms of injury to cells included direct apoptosis and increased inflammation. Only four papers investigated the pathobiological changes that occur in spinal cords following decompression. One study demonstrated evidence of axonal plasticity following decompressive surgery. Another study demonstrated ischaemic-reperfusion injury following decompression, however this phenomenon was worse when decompression was delayed.
Conclusions: In preclinical studies, the pathophysiology of DCM has been poorly studied and a number of questions remain unanswered. The physiological changes seen in the decompressed spinal cord has not been widely investigated and it is paramount that researchers investigate the decompressed spinal cord further to enable the development of therapeutic tools, to enhance recovery following surgery
DNAGPT: A Generalized Pre-trained Tool for Versatile DNA Sequence Analysis Tasks
Pre-trained large language models demonstrate potential in extracting
information from DNA sequences, yet adapting to a variety of tasks and data
modalities remains a challenge. To address this, we propose DNAGPT, a
generalized DNA pre-training model trained on over 200 billion base pairs from
all mammals. By enhancing the classic GPT model with a binary classification
task (DNA sequence order), a numerical regression task (guanine-cytosine
content prediction), and a comprehensive token language, DNAGPT can handle
versatile DNA analysis tasks while processing both sequence and numerical data.
Our evaluation of genomic signal and region recognition, mRNA abundance
regression, and artificial genomes generation tasks demonstrates DNAGPT's
superior performance compared to existing models designed for specific
downstream tasks, benefiting from pre-training using the newly designed model
structure
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