Development of a Distribution System for Measuring Nozzle Integrative Parameters

The experimental system used in this study was equipped with sensors and computer-controlled processing technology. This system was used in the measurement of major performance parameters such as pressure, flux, spray angle, spray distribution character of the nozzle and its integrative performance parameter. It could also achieve precise and synchronous measurements and process multiple parameters. Measuring position of a single nozzle was also available for three-dimensional adjustment by nozzle transmission frame. The boom could achieve two-dimensional precision adjustment. Fluid power supply system could ensure the accurate measurement of nozzle flow between 50~15000 ml/min. The control system consisted of a PC, a CCD image acquisition system, data acquisition cards, sensors, and single chip microcomputer. The spray angle was measured by image processing technique. Data fusion technology was used to improve the precise measurement of spray angle. Neural network technology was used to improve the precision and speed of the system. The results showed that it is promising for using this system for measuring nozzle integrative parameter. Keywords: Nozzle; performance test; image processing; and neural networ

Parallel Acceleration and Improvement of Gravitational Field Optimization Algorithm

The Gravitational Field Algorithm, a modern optimization algorithm, mainly simulates celestial mechanics and is derived from the Solar Nebular Disk Model (SNDM). It simulates the process of planetary formation to search for the optimal solution. Although this optimization algorithm has more advantages than other optimization algorithms in multi-peak optimization problems, it still has the shortcoming of long computation time when dealing with large-scale datasets or solving complex problems. Therefore, it is necessary to improve the efficiency of the Gravitational Field Algorithm (GFA). In this paper, an optimization method based on multi-population parallel is proposed to accelerate the Gravitational Field Algorithm. With the help of the parallel mechanism in MATLAB, the algorithm execution speed will be improved by using the parallel computing mode of multi-core CPU. In addition, this paper also improves the absorption operation strategy. By comparing the experimental results of eight classical unconstrained optimization problems, it is shown that the computational efficiency of this method is improved compared with the original Gravitational Field Algorithm, and the algorithm accuracy has also been slightly improved

Experimental Implementation of Noncyclic and Nonadiabatic Geometric Quantum Gates in a Superconducting Circuit

Quantum gates based on geometric phases possess intrinsic noise-resilience features and therefore attract much attention. However, the implementations of previous geometric quantum computation typically require a long pulse time of gates. As a result, their experimental control inevitably suffers from the cumulative disturbances of systematic errors due to excessive time consumption. Here, we experimentally implement a set of noncyclic and nonadiabatic geometric quantum gates in a superconducting circuit, which greatly shortens the gate time. And also, we experimentally verify that our universal single-qubit geometric gates are more robust to both the Rabi frequency error and qubit frequency shift-induced error, compared to the conventional dynamical gates, by using the randomized benchmarking method. Moreover, this scheme can be utilized to construct two-qubit geometric operations, while the generation of the maximally entangled Bell states is demonstrated. Therefore, our results provide a promising routine to achieve fast, high-fidelity, and error-resilient quantum gates in superconducting quantum circuits

9-[4,5-Bis(benzyl­sulfan­yl)-1,3-dithiol-2-yl­idene]-4,5-diaza­fluorene

In rhe title compound, C28H20N2S4, the 1,3-dithiol-2-yl­idene and 4,5-diaza­fluoren-9-one (dafone) groups are almost coplanar, making a dihedral angle of only 5.65 (4)°. The two benzyl groups are on different sides of the 1,3-dithiol-2-yl­idene ring, forming a dihedral angle of 35.54 (2)°

Rapid and sensitive determination of Se and heavy metals in foods using electrothermal vaporization inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry with a novel transportation system

Rapid, sensitive and simultaneous determination of trace multi-elements in various plant food samples such as grain, oilseed, vegetable and tea is always a challenge thus far. In this work, a rapid determination method for Se, Cd, As and Pb in food samples by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) using slurry sampling electrothermal vaporization (SS-ETV) was developed. To improve the analytical sensitivity and precision as well as eliminate the memory effect, a gas turbulator line and signal delay device (SDD) were for the first time designed for the graphite furnace (GF) ETV coupled with ICP-MS. The signal acquisition parameters of ICP-MS, ashing and vaporization conditions, and the flow rates of carrier gas and gas turbulator were investigated for Se, Cd, As and Pb in food samples. Under the optimized conditions, the limits of determination (LODs) for Se, Cd, As and Pb were 0.5 ng g−1, 0.3 ng g−1, 0.3 ng g−1 and 0.6 ng g−1, respectively; the limits of quantification (LOQs) for Se, Cd, As and Pb were 1.7 ng g−1, 1.0 ng g−1, 1.0 ng g−1 and 1.9 ng g−1, respectively; linearity (R2) in the range of 1 to 4,000 ng g−1 was >0.999 using the standard addition method. This method was used to analyze 5 CRMs including rice, tea and soybeans, and the concentrations detected by this method were within the range of the certified values. The recoveries of Se, Cd, As and Pb in plant food matrices including grain, oilseed, celery, spinach, carrot and tea samples were 86–118% compared to the microwave digestion ICP-MS method; and the relative standard deviations (RSDs) were 1.2–8.9% for real food sample analysis, proving a good precision and accuracy for the simultaneous determination of multi-elements. The analysis time was less than 3 min, slurry preparation time < 5 min without sample digestion process. The proposed direct slurry sampling ICP-MS method is thus suitable for rapid and sensitive determination of Se, Cd, As and Pb in food samples with advantages such as simplicity, green and safety, as well as with a promising application potential in detecting more elements to protect food safety and human health

Study on the yellowing of high quality japonica rice before entering the warehouse after harvesting

Through the simulation of different climatic conditions (clear,cloudy day and rainy day) before the storage of high-quality japonica rice under laboratory conditions,the yellowing of freshly harvested high-quality japonica rice cultivar Nanjing 9108 under different climates was studied,and the yellowing was observed.The quality changes in the process were measured.The results showed that yellowing did not occur in 35 days at 25 ℃and 30 ℃under sunny conditions,and in the process of yellowing,the yellow-coloured index from 28.02 to 31.02,the fatty acid value was less than 25 mg KOH/100g,the husked rice yield was more than 81%,and head rice yield was less than 55%.Under rainy conditions,80%RH,25 ℃and 30 ℃,there was no yellowing in 35 days.the heat reached 40 ℃,yellowing occured in 20 to 25 days.the heat reached 50 ℃,yellowing occurred in 15 days.90%RH,25 ℃and 30 ℃,yellowing occurred in 35 days.the heat reached 40 ℃,yellowing occurred in 15 to 20 days,the heat reached 40 ℃,yellowing occurred in 15 days； During the yellowing process,the yellow-coloured index from 28.03 to 32.69,the change of fatty acid value was obvious and,followed by the husked rice yield,the first grade of Japonica rice was reduced to the second grade,and the head rice yield was lower than 50%,which was less than the requirement of the third grade of high quality Japonica rice

De novo glomerular osteopontin expression in rat crescentic glomerulonephritis

De novo glomerular osteopontin expression in rat crescentic glomerulonephritis. Osteopontin (OPN) is a secreted acidic glycoprotein that has potent monocyte chemoattractant and adhesive properties. Up-regulation of tubular OPN expression is thought to promote interstitial macrophage infiltration in experimental nephritis; however, the role of OPN in glomerular lesions, particularly crescent formation, is unknown. The present study used Northern blotting, in situ hybridization and immunohistochemistry to examine OPN expression in a rat model of accelerated anti-GBM glomerulonephritis. Osteopontin mRNA and protein is expressed by some parietal epithelial cells, thick ascending limbs of Henle and medullary tubules and collecting ducts in normal rat kidney. De novo OPN mRNA and protein expression was evident in glomerular visceral and parietal epithelial cells in anti-GBM glomerulonephritis. Glomerular OPN expression preceded and correlated with macrophage infiltration in the development of hypercellularity, focal and segmental lesions and, notably, crescent formation. There was marked up-regulation of OPN expression by tubular epithelial cells that also preceded and correlated with interstitial macrophage (r = 0.93, P < 0.001) and T-cell infiltration (r = 0.85, P < 0.001). Both glomerular and tubular OPN expression correlated significantly with proteinuria (P < 0.001) and a reduction in creatinine clearance (P < 0.01). In addition, double immunohistochemistry showed co-expression of osteopontin and one of its ligands, CD44, in intrinsic renal cells. CD44 and OPN expression by parietal epithelial cells was evident in crescent formation, while virtually all OPN-positive tubules expressed CD44. Infiltrating macrophages and T-cells were CD44-positive, but only a small proportion of T-cells and few macrophages showed OPN expression. Interestingly, strong OPN mRNA and protein expression was seen in macrophage multinucleated giant cells. In summary, this study suggests that OPN promotes macrophage and T-cell infiltration in the development of renal lesions in rat anti-GBM glomerulonephritis, including glomerular crescent and multinucleated giant cell formation