Kinematic Basis of Emergent Energetics of Complex Dynamics

Stochastic kinematic description of a complex dynamics is shown to dictate an energetic and thermodynamic structure. An energy function $\varphi(x)$ emerges as the limit of the generalized, nonequilibrium free energy of a Markovian dynamics with vanishing fluctuations. In terms of the $\nabla\varphi$ and its orthogonal field $\gamma(x)\perp\nabla\varphi$, a general vector field $b(x)$ can be decomposed into $-D(x)\nabla\varphi+\gamma$, where $\nabla\cdot\big(\omega(x)\gamma(x)\big)=$ $-\nabla\omega D(x)\nabla\varphi$. The matrix $D(x)$ and scalar $\omega(x)$, two additional characteristics to the $b(x)$ alone, represent the local geometry and density of states intrinsic to the statistical motion in the state space at $x$. $\varphi(x)$ and $\omega(x)$ are interpreted as the emergent energy and degeneracy of the motion, with an energy balance equation $d\varphi(x(t))/dt=\gamma D^{-1}\gamma-bD^{-1}b$, reflecting the geometrical $\|D\nabla\varphi\|^2+\|\gamma\|^2=\|b\|^2$. The partition function employed in statistical mechanics and J. W. Gibbs' method of ensemble change naturally arise; a fluctuation-dissipation theorem is established via the two leading-order asymptotics of entropy production as $\epsilon\to 0$. The present theory provides a mathematical basis for P. W. Anderson's emergent behavior in the hierarchical structure of complexity science.Comment: 7 page

Mechanically induced pseudo-magnetic fields in the excitonic fine structures of droplet epitaxial quantum dots

We present numerical investigations based on the Luttinger-Kohn four-band $k \cdot p$ theory and, accordingly, establish a quantitatively valid model of the excitonic fine structures of droplet epitaxial GaAs/AlGaAs quantum dots under uni-axial stress control. In the formalisms, stressing a photo-excited quantum dot is equivalent creating a pseudo-magnetic field that is directly coupled to the pseudo-spin of the exciton doublet and tunable to tailor the polarized fine structure of exciton. The latter feature is associated with the valence-band-mixing of exciton that is especially sensitive to external stress in inherently unstrained droplet epitaxial GaAs/AlGaAs quantum dots and allows us to mechanically design and prepare any desired exciton states of QD photon sources prior to the photon generation.Comment: 7 figure

The applications of social media in sports marketing

n the era of big data, sports consumer's activities in social media become valuable assets to sports marketers. In this paper, the authors review extant literature regarding how to effectively use social media to promote sports as well as how to effectively analyze social media data to support business decisions. Methods: The literature review method. Results: Our findings suggest that sports marketers can use social media to achieve the following goals, such as facilitating marketing communication campaigns, adding values to sports products and services, creating a two-way communication between sports brands and consumers, supporting sports sponsorship program, and forging brand communities. As to how to effectively analyze social media data to support business decisions, extent literature suggests that sports marketers to undertake traffic and engagement analysis on their social media sites as well as to conduct sentiment analysis to probe customer's opinions. These insights can support various aspects of business decisions, such as marketing communication management, consumer's voice probing, and sales predictions. Conclusion: Social media are ubiquitous in the sports marketing and consumption practices. In the era of big data, these ＂footprints＂ can now be effectively analyzed to generate insights to support business decisions. Recommendations to both the sports marketing practices and research are also addressed

Responses of Real Output in Serbia to the Financial and Global Economic Conditions

Applying and extending Taylor (1993, 1999) and Romer (2000, 2006), this paper examines output fluctuations for Serbia based on a simultaneous equation model consisting of the open-economy IS function, the monetary policy function, and uncovered interest parity. The GARCH(1,0) model is employed because the residual variance is affected by the past variance. Real GDP is positively affected by the real stock price and real government deficit and negatively influenced by expected real depreciation of the dinar, the world real interest rate, and the inflation rate. There are significant seasonal effects. Therefore, a healthy stock market, a stronger dinar, a lower world real interest rate, a lower inflation rate, and an active fiscal policy will play important roles in the recovery of the Serbian economy.monetary policy function, uncovered interest parity, exchange rate, world interest rate, inflation rate, government deficit

Pathologic manifestations of levamisole-adulterated cocaine exposure.

UnlabelledRheumatic manifestations of cocaine have been well described, but more recently, a dramatic increase in the levamisole-adulterated cocaine supply in the United States has disclosed unique pathologic consequences that are distinct from pure cocaine use. Most notably, patients show skin lesions and renal dysfunction in the setting of extremely high perinuclear anti-neutrophil cytoplasmic antibodies (p-ANCA). Unexpectedly, antibodies to myeloperoxidase, the typical target of p-ANCA, are relatively low if at all present. This discrepancy is due to the fact that p-ANCA seen in association with levamisole-adulterated cocaine exposure is often directed against atypical p-ANCA-associated antigens within the neutrophil granules such as human neutrophil elastase, lactoferrin, and cathepsin G. Biopsies of the skin lesions reveal leukocytoclastic vasculitis often involving both superficial and deep dermal vessels. Renal injury most typically manifests as crescentic and necrotizing pauci-immune glomerulonephritis. In this review, the manifestations of levamisole-adulterated cocaine-induced vasculitis are discussed with an emphasis on the typical histomorphologic findings seen on biopsy.Virtual slidesThe virtual slide(s) for this article can be found here: http://www.diagnosticpathology.diagnomx.eu/vs/1764738711370019

An integrative analysis of cancer gene expression studies using Bayesian latent factor modeling

We present an applied study in cancer genomics for integrating data and inferences from laboratory experiments on cancer cell lines with observational data obtained from human breast cancer studies. The biological focus is on improving understanding of transcriptional responses of tumors to changes in the pH level of the cellular microenvironment. The statistical focus is on connecting experimentally defined biomarkers of such responses to clinical outcome in observational studies of breast cancer patients. Our analysis exemplifies a general strategy for accomplishing this kind of integration across contexts. The statistical methodologies employed here draw heavily on Bayesian sparse factor models for identifying, modularizing and correlating with clinical outcome these signatures of aggregate changes in gene expression. By projecting patterns of biological response linked to specific experimental interventions into observational studies where such responses may be evidenced via variation in gene expression across samples, we are able to define biomarkers of clinically relevant physiological states and outcomes that are rooted in the biology of the original experiment. Through this approach we identify microenvironment-related prognostic factors capable of predicting long term survival in two independent breast cancer datasets. These results suggest possible directions for future laboratory studies, as well as indicate the potential for therapeutic advances though targeted disruption of specific pathway components.Comment: Published in at http://dx.doi.org/10.1214/09-AOAS261 the Annals of Applied Statistics (http://www.imstat.org/aoas/) by the Institute of Mathematical Statistics (http://www.imstat.org